Hubungan Tingkah Laku Pemupukan Kreativiti Guru dengan Pengurusan Bilik Darjah Abad Ke-21
Abstract
Kajian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti hubungan tingkah laku pemupukan kreativiti dengan pengurusan bilik darjah abad ke-21 dalam kalangan guru sekolah menengah harian biasa bantuan penuh kerajaan di negeri Sabah, Malaysia. Kajian bukan eksperimental ini mengaplikasikan kaedah tinjauan dengan menggabungkan beberapa teknik persampelan kebarangkalian bagi mendapatkan sampel. Data dikumpul menggunakan satu set borang soal selidik adaptasi yang ditadbir ke atas 439 orang guru. Data dianalisis menggunakan perisian IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0. Statistik deskriptif dan inferensi seperti peratus, min, sisihan piawai, Ujian-t, dan korelasi Pearson digunakan untuk menganalisis data bagi menjawab soalan kajian. Analisis deskriptif menunjukkan tingkah laku pemupukan kreativiti guru dan pengurusan bilik darjah abad ke-21 diamalkan pada tahap yang tinggi. Hasil kajian juga mendapati terdapat perbezaan skor min yang signifikan tingkah laku pemupukan kreativiti dan pengurusan bilik darjah abad ke-21 berdasarkan jantina. Ujian korelasi Pearson pula menunjukkan terdapat hubungan linear positif yang sederhana bagi tingkah laku pemupukan kreativiti dengan pengurusan bilik darjah abad ke-21. Implikasi dan cadangan kajian lanjut turut dibincangkan.
Downloads
References
Aldossari, A. T. (2013). Classroom Management Approaches of Primary Teachers in The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Descriptions and The Development of Curriculum and Instruction with a Focus on Islamic Education Teachers. Doctoral Theses. Durham: Durham University.
Aldunate, R. & Nussbaum, M. (2013). Teacher Adoption of Technology. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(3), 519-524.
Aliakbari, M., & Bozorgmanesh, B. (2015). Assertive Classroom Management Strategies and Students’ Performance: The Case of EFL Classroom. Cogent Education, 2, 1-12.
Alsahou, H. (2015). Teachers' Beliefs About Creativity and Practices for Fostering Creativity in Science Classrooms in The State of Kuwait. Doctoral Dissertation. Exeter, England: University of Exeter.
Amadi, E. C., & Allagoa, I. C. (2017). Teachers’ Demographic Variables as Determinants of Effective Classroom Management in Secondary Schools in Rivers State. International Journal of Innovative Social Sciences & Humanities Research, 5(4), 67-71.
Andiliou, A., & Murphy, P. K. (2010). Examining Variations Among Researchers’ and Teachers’ Conceptualizations of Creativity: A Review and Synthesis of Contemporary Research. Educational Research Review, 5, 201–219.
Babbie, E. R. (2001). The Practice of Social Research (9th ed). Belmont, California: Wadsworth Thompson Learning.
Bahagian Pendidikan Guru. (2016). Kajian Antarabangsa Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran (TALIS) 2013. Putrajaya: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.
Beghetto, R. A. (2010). Creativity in The Classroom. In Kaufman, J. C., & Sternberg, R. J. (eds.). The Cambridge Handbook of Creativity. pp. 447-466. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Beghetto, R. A., & Kaufman, J. C. (2011). Teaching for Creativity with Disciplined Improvisation. In Sawyer R. K. (ed.). Structure and Improvisation in Creative Teaching. pp. 94-109. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Bhasin, B. (2012). Integration of Information Communication Technologies in Enhancing Teaching and Learning. Contemporary Educational Technology, 3(2), 130-140.
Borsheim, C., Merritt, K., & Reed, D. (2008). Beyond Technology for Technology's Sake: Advancing Multiliteracies in The Twenty-first Century. Clearing House, 82(2), 87-90.
Bush, T. (2011). Theories of Educational Leadership and Management (4th ed). London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
Cachia, R., Ferrari, A., Ala-Mutka, K., & Punie, Y. (2010). Creative Learning and Innovative Teaching: Final Report on The Study on Creativity and Innovation in Education in EU Member States. Seville, Spain: European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Prospective Technological Studies.
Caner, H. A., & Tertemiz, N. I. (2015). Beliefs, Attitudes and Classroom Management: A Study on Prospective Teachers. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 186, 155-160.
Canter, L. (1974). The Way and How’s of Working with Behavior Problems in The Classroom. San Rafael, CA: Academic Therapy Press.
Chan, S., & Yuen, M. (2014a). Creativity Beliefs, Creative Personality and Creativity Fostering Practices of Gifted Education Teachers and Regular Class Teachers in Hong Kong. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 14, 109–118.
Chan, S., & Yuen, M. (2014b). Personal and Environmental Factors Affecting Teachers’ Creativity Fostering Practices in Hong Kong. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 12, 69–77.
Chan, S., & Yuen, M. (2015). Teachers’ Beliefs and Practices for Nurturing Creativity in Students: Perspectives from Teachers of Gifted Students in Hong Kong. Gifted Education International, 31(3), 200-213.
Cheung, R. H. P. (2012). Teaching for Creativity: Examining the Beliefs of Early Childhood Teachers and Their Influence on Teaching Practices. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 37(3), 43–51.
Chien, C., & Hui, A. N. N. (2010). Creativity in Early Childhood Education: Teachers’ Perceptions in Three Chinese Societies. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 5, 49–60.
Chua Yan Piaw. (2006). Kaedah dan Statistik Penyelidikan Buku 1: Asas Statistik Penyelidikan. Kuala Lumpur: McGraw Hill.
Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2007). Research Methods in Education (6th ed). New York: Routledge.
Craft, A. (2015). Creativity, Education and Society: Writings of Anna Craft. London: Institute of Education Press.
Cropley, A. J. (1997). Fostering creativity in the classroom: General principles. In Runco, M. A. (ed.). The Creativity Research Handbook Vol. 1. pp. 83-114. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.
Davies, D., Jindal-Snape, D., & Collier, C. (2013). Creative Learning Environments in Education – A Systematic Literature Review. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 8, 80–91.
Davies, D., Jindal-Snape, D., Digby, R., Howe, A., Collier, C., & Hay, P. (2014). The Roles and Development Needs of Teachers to Promote Creativity: A Systematic Review of Literature. Teaching and Teacher Education, 41, 34-41.
Dede, C. (2010). Comparing Frameworks for 21st Century Skills. In Bellanca, J., & Brandt, R. (eds.). 21st Century Skills. Bloomington, IN: Solution Tree Press.
Dikici, A., & Soh, K. (2015). Indexing Creativity Fostering Teacher Behaviour: Replication and Modification. Higher Education of Social Science, 9(3), 1-10.
Elaldi, S., & Batdi, V. (2016). Comparing Effects of Different Applications on Preservice Teachers: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 4(7), 70-81.
Erin Justyna, M. A. (2016). Creativity in Higher Education Curriculum: A Qualitative Case Study of Pedagogical Processes and Practices. Doctoral Thesis. Texas, USA: Texas Tech University.
Evertson, C. M., & Weistein, C. S. (2006). Classroom Management as a Field of Inquiry. In Evertson, C. M. & Weinstein, C. S. (eds.). Handbook of Classroom Management: Research, Practice, and Contemporary Issues. pp. 3-15. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Fisher, R. (2011). Critical Thinking: An Introduction (2nd ed). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Fraillon, J., Ainley, J., Schulz, W., Friedman, T., & Gebhardt, E. (2014). Preparing for Life in a Digital Age - The IEA International Computer and Information Literacy Study International Report. Heidelberg: Springer International Publishing.
Gajda, A., Beghetto, R. A., & Karwowski, M. (2017). Exploring Creative Learning in The Classroom: A Multi-Method Approach. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 24, 250-267.
George Tamaki. (2015). Kreativiti Dalam Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran Pendidikan Seni Visual Di Sekolah Menengah Daerah Kudat, Sabah. Tesis Doktor Falsafah. Kota Kinabalu, Sabah: Universiti Malaysia Sabah.
Glickman, C. D., & Tamashiro, R. T. (1980). Clarifying Teachers' Beliefs About Discipline. Educational Leadership. 37, 459-464.
Goldenberg, J. L., & Roberts, T. A. (2013). The Beast Within the Beauty. In Greenberg, J. L. (ed.). Handbook of Experimental Existential Psychology (pp. 71–75). New York: Guilford Press.
Greenberg, J., Putman, H., & Walsh, K. (2014). Training Our Future Teachers: Classroom Management. Washington, DC: National Council of Teacher Quality.
Gremmen, M. C., van den Berg, Y. H., Segers, E., & Cillessen, A. H. (2016). Considerations for Classroom Seating Arrangements and The Role of Teacher Characteristics and Beliefs. Social Psychology of Education, 19(4), 749-774.
Guy, R. L. (1999). Psychology for Teaching. California: Wadsworth Thomson Learning.
Hicks, S. D. (2012). Self-Efficacy and Classroom Management: A Correlation Study Regarding the Factors That Influence Classroom Management. Doctoral Dissertation. Lynchburg, VA: Liberty University.
Hondzel, C. M. D. (2013). Fostering Creativity: Ontario Teachers' Perceptions, Strategies, and Experiences. Doctoral Dissertation. Ontario, Canada: The University of Western Ontario.
Hsu, S. (2010). Developing a Scale for Teacher Integration of Information and Communication Technology in Grades 1–9. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 26, 175–189.
Hsu, S., & Kuan, P. Y. (2013). The Impact of Multilevel Factors on Technology Integration: The Case of Taiwanese Grade 1–9 Teachers and Schools. Educational Technology Research and Development, 61(1), 25-50.
Hui, A. N., Cheung, R. W., & Ho, M. Y. (2018). Creativity Fostering Teacher Index and the Outcome of a Drama-enriched Curriculum in Creativity in Education. In Cheng, S. K. (ed.). Creativity Fostering Teacher Behavior: Measurement and Research. pp 75-91. Singapore: World Scientific Education.
Inan, F. A., & Lowther, D. L. (2010a). Factors Affecting Technology Integration in K-12 Classrooms: A Path Model. Educational Technology Research and Development, 58(2), 137-154.
Izani Ibrahim, & Yahya Don. (2014). Servant Leadership and Effective Changes Management in Schools. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 4(1), 1-9.
Jabatan Pendidikan Negeri Sabah. (2017). Data Sekolah Menengah Melaksanakan Pembelajaran Abad Ke-21 (PAK21) Negeri Sabah. Kota Kinabalu: Sektor Pengurusan Akademik.
Jacob, C. L., & Ary, D. (1990). Introduction to Research in Education. Orlando: Harcourt Brance Collage Publishers.
Jalali, S., Panahzade, V., & Firouzmand, A. (2014). Attitude Towards Computers and Classroom Management of Language School Teachers. International Journal of Instruction, 7(2), 35-50.
James Ang Jit Eng. (2014). Pengurusan Bilik Darjah: Strategi-Strategi Mewujudkan Komuniti Pembelajaran Berkesan. Batu Caves, Selangor: PTS Akademia.
Kampylis, P. G. (2010). Fostering Creative Thinking: The Role of Primary Teachers. Jyväskylä, Finland: University of Jyväskylä.
Karwowski, M., Lebuda, I., Wisniewska, E., & Gralewski, J. (2013). Big Five Personality Factors as The Predictors of Creative Self-Efficacy and Creative Personal Identity: Does Gender Matter? The Journal of Creative Behavior, 47, 215–232.
Kazu, I. Y., & Erten, P. (2014). Teachers’ technological pedagogical content knowledge self-efficacies. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 2(2), 126-144.
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2013). Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia 2013-2025 (Pendidikan Prasekolah hingga Lepas Menengah). Putrajaya: Malaysia.
Klassen, R. M., & Chiu, M. M. (2010). Effects on Teachers' Self-Efficacy and Job Satisfaction: Teacher Gender, Years of Experience, and Job Stress. Journal of Educational Psychology, 102(3), 741-756.
Kounin, J. S. (1970). Discipline and Group Management in Classroom. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Wilson.
Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining Sampel Size for Research Activities. Educational & Psychological Measurement, 30, 607-610.
Lee, I. R., & Kemple, K. (2014). Preservice Teachers' Personality Traits and Engagement in Creative Activities as Predictors of Their Support for Children's Creativity. Creativity Research Journal, 26(1), 82-94.
Lou, S., & Chen, N. (2012). Using Blended Creative Teaching: Improving A Teacher Education Course on Designing Materials for Young Children. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 28(5), 776–792.
Manning, M. L., & Bucher, K. T. (2013). Classroom Management: Models, Applications, and Cases (3rd ed). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
Martin, N. K., & Sass, D. A. (2010). Construct validation of the Behavior and Instructional Management Scale. Teaching and Teacher Education, 26,1124-1135.
Messmann, G., & Mulder, R. H. (2011). Innovative work behaviour in vocational colleges: Understanding how and why innovations are developed. Vocations and Learning, 4, 63–84.
Mishra, P., & Kereluik, K. (2011). What 21st Century Learning? A Review and A Synthesis. In Maddux, C. D., Koehler, M. J., Mishra, P., & Owens, C. (eds.). Proceedings of Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2011. Chesapeake, VA: AACE.
Mishra, P., & Koehler, M. J. (2006). Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge: A Framework for Teacher Knowledge. Teachers College Record, 108(6), 1017-1054.
Moe, A., Pazzaglia, F., & Ronconi, L. (2010). When Being Able Is Not Enough. The Combined Value of Positive Affect and Self-Efficacy for Job Satisfaction in Teaching. Teaching and Teacher Education, 26, 1145-1153.
Mohd. Majid Konting. (2000). Kaedah Penyelidikan Pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Mustafa, M. N. (2013). Professional Competency Differences Among High School Teachers in Indonesia. International Education Studies, 6(9), 83-92.
Olawale, S. G., Adeniyi, E. O., & Olubela, O. I. (2010). Creativity Fostering Behaviour as an Index of Productivity and Capacity Building Among Lecturers in Selected Universities in Ogun and Oyo States. Educational Research and Review, 5(5), 257-262.
Ozkal, N. (2014). Relationships Between Teachers' Creativity Fostering Behaviors and Their Self-Efficacy Beliefs. Educational Research and Reviews, 9(18), 724-733.
Pejabat Pendidikan Daerah Muar. (2015). Garis Panduan Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Abad Ke-21. Muar, Johor: Pejabat Pendidikan Daerah Muar.
Polat, S., Kaya, S., & Akdag, M. (2013). Investigating Pre-Service Teachers' Beliefs about Classroom Discipline. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 13(2), 885-890.
Putman, S. M. (2012). Investigating Teacher Efficacy: Comparing Preservice and Inservice Teachers with Different Levels of Experience. Action in Teacher Education, 34(1), 26-40.
Rahimi, M., & Asadollahi, F. (2012). On the Relationship Between Iranian EFL Teachers’ Classroom Management Orientations and Teaching Style. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 31, 49–55.
Reilly, R. C., Lilly, F., Bramwell, G., & Kronish, N. (2011). A Synthesis of Research Concerning Creative Teachers in a Canadian Context. Teaching and Teacher Education, 27(3), 533–542.
Rhodes, M. (1961). An analysis of creativity. Phi Beta Kappen Journal, 42, 305-310.
Rosidah Abdullah Sani, dan Abdul Rahim Hamdan. (2014). Ke Arah Pengurusan Kurikulum Berkesan: Peranan Elemen Perancangan, Pengelolaan, Kepimpinan dan Pengawalan. Proceedings of International Education Postgraduate Seminar 2014. 23-24 December 2014. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. 229-241.
Saeedi, M. (2016). EFL Teacher’s Attitudes and Beliefs Regarding Classroom Management Style: The Case of Gender and Teaching Experiences. European Journal of Education Studies, 2(1), 58-69.
Santiago, D. A. (2012). A Study of The Relationship Between Middle School and High School Teachers Instructional and Behavior Management Practices and Demographic Variables. Doctoral Dissertation. Lynchburg, VA: Liberty University.
Sass, D. A., Lopez, J., Oliveira, C., & Martin, N. K. (2016). An Evaluation of The Behavior and Instructional Management Scale's Psychometric Properties Using Portuguese Teachers. Teaching and Teacher Education, 55, 279-290.
Sawyer, R. K. (2010). Learning for creativity. In Beghetto R. A. & Kaufman J. C. (Eds.). Nurturing Creativity in The Classroom. pp. 172-190. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Sawyer, R. K. (2012). Explaining Creativity: The Science of Human Innovation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Sellars, M. (2012). Teachers and Change: The Role of Reflective Practice. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 55, 461-469.
Sivri, H., & Balci, E. (2015). Pre-Service Teachers' Classroom Management Self-Efficacy Beliefs. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 7(4), 37-50.
Soh, K. C. (2015). Creativity Fostering Teacher Behaviour Around the World: Annotations of Studies Using the CFTIndex. Cogent Education, 2, 1-18.
Suprayogi, M. N., Valcke, M., & Godwin, R. (2017). Teachers and Their Implementation of Differentiated Instruction in The Classroom. Teaching and Teacher Education, 67, 291-301.
Torrance, E. P. (1968). Education and The Creative Potential. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Torrance, E. P. (1995). Why fly? A philosophy of creativity. Norwood, New Jersey: Ablex Publishing.
Ucus, S., & Acar, I. H. (2018). The Association Between Teachers’ Innovativeness and Teaching Approach: The Mediating Role of Creative Classroom Behaviors. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 46(10), 1-16.
Unal, Z., & Unal, A. (2012). The Impact of Years of Teaching Experience on The Classroom Management, Approaches of Elementary School Teachers. International Journal of Instruction, 5(2), 41-60.
Voogt, J., & Pareja-Roblin, N. (2012). Teaching and Learning in the 21st Century. A Comparative Analysis of International Frameworks. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 44, 299-321.
Voogt, J., Fisser, P., Pareja Roblin, N., Tondeur, J., & van Braak, J. (2013). Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge - A Review of The Literature. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 29(2), 109-121.