Relationship Between Self-Concept, Family Relationship and Externalizing Behavior Among Adolescents in Selangor

  • Patonah Zakaria Department of Social Science and Human Development, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
  • Amna Md. Noor Department of Social Science and Human Development, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
  • Azlina Mohd Khir Department of Social Science and Human Development, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
Keywords: adolescents, self-concept, family relationship, externalizing behavior

Abstract

The main purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between self-concept, family relationship quality and externalizing behavior problem (aggressive behavior and delinquency behavior) among adolescents in Selangor. Besides that, this study also to determine the level of self- concept, family relationship quality and externalizing behavior among secondary school students as well as to compare the differences between these three variables according to sex. A total of 400 students (nmale =53%, nfemale=47%) from secondary schools were selected in this study. The multi-stage cluster sampling technique was used during sample selection. Data were obtained from self- administered questionnaire that are consist of Individual Protective Factors Index Questionnaire (1992), Family Relationship Characteristics (1997), Aggression Scale (2001) and Problem Behavior Frequency Scale (1977). The findings revealed that majority of students have moderate level of self- concept, family relationship quality as well as externalizing behavior. In terms of sex differences, the results showed that family belief, family structure and externalizing behavior have significant differences according to sex (t= -4.393 to 7.588, p<0.01). Moreover, result indicated that there were negative significant relationship between self-concept, family cohesion and family structure with aggressive behavior (r= -0.210 to -0.153, p<0.01). Moreover, the result showed the negative significant relationship between family structure and delinquency behavior (r= -0.104, p<0.05). These results suggest that self concept and family relationship quality are an importance factors for the development of adolescents behaviors.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Arun, L, Ravikumar, M , Makhija, A , Shonali,  C. B., & Vishwanathan, V. (2015).  Study of Self-Concept In Relation To Family Environment among Adolescents. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 2( 2). Retrieved from http://www.ijip.in.

American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.

Campbell, S.B., Shaw, D.S., & Gilliom, M. (2000). Early externalizing behavior problems: Toddlers and preschoolers at risk for later maladjustment. Development and Psychopathology, 12, 467–488.

Dahlberg, L.L., Toal, S.B., Swahn, M., & Behrens, C.B. (2005). Measuring violence-related attitudes, behaviors, and influences among youths: A Compendium of Assessment Tools, (2nd ed.), Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control.

De Looze, M. Vermeulen-Smit, E., Ter Bogt, T.F.M., Van Dorsselaer, S.A.F., Verdurmen, J., Schulten, I., Engels, R.C.M.E., & Vollebergh, W.A.M. (2014). Trends in alcohol-specific parenting practices and adolescent alcohol use between 2007 and 2011 in the Netherlands. International Journal of Drug Policy, 25, 133-141.

Department Of Statistics Malaysia. (2016).  Children Statistics, Malaysia 2016. Retrieved 2017, Jun 15 from https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:2OjWWz4sawIJ: https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php%3Fr%3Dcolumn/pdfPrev%26id%3DNVYwaEtwM21MempVbWpBZFpxOFZHZz09+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk.

DeSimone, P. M. (1994). Alcohol use, self-esteem, depression, and suicidality in high school students. Adolescence, 29 (116), 939–942.

Donnellan, B. Trzensniewski, K., Robins, R., Moffitt, T., & Caspi, A. (2005). Low Self-esteem Is Related To Aggression, Antisocial Behavior, and Delinquency. Psychological Science, 16(4), 328-335.

Eisenberg, N., Cumberland, A., Spinrad, T.L., Fabes, R.A., Shepard, S.A., Reiser, M., et al. (2001). The relations of regulation and emotionality to children’s externalizing and internalizing problem behavior. Child Development, 72, 1112–1134.

Education Department of Selangor. (2017). School Listing Name. Retrieved 2016, August 11 from http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:aIwMPy2SCxsJ: jpnselangor.moe.gov.my/v4/index.php/sekolah/senaraisekolah+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk.

Gilman, R., & Huebner, E. S. (2006). Characteristics of adolescents who report very high life satisfaction. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35(3), 311–319.

Hadley, M. (2003). Relational, indirect, adaptive, or just mean: Recent work on aggression in adolescent girls—Part I. Studies in Sex and Sexuality, 4, 367-394.

Hay. (2000). Sex self-concept profiles of adolescents suspended from high schoo.  Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41 (3), 345–352.

Hoeve, M., Dubas, J.S., Eichelsheim,V.I., VanderLaan, P.H., Smeenk, W.H., & Gerris, J.R.M. (2009). The relationship between parenting and delinquency: a meta-analysis. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37, 749 –775.

Hoeve,M.,Stams,G.J.J.M.,VanderPut,C.E.,Dubas,J.S.,VanderLaan,P.H.,&Gerris,J.R.M.(2012). A meta-analysis of attachment to parents and delinquency. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 40, 771–785.

Hoeve, M., Jan, G., Stams, J.M.,, van der Put, C. E., Dubas, J. S., van der Laan, P. H., & Gerris, J.R.M.. (2012). A meta-analysis of attachment to parents and delinquency. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 40(5), 771–85.

Houck, G., Kendal, J., Miller, A., Morrell, P. & Wiebe, G. (2010). Self-concept in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.  Journal of pediatric nursing, 26(3), 239–247. Doi:  10.1016/j.pedn.2010.02.004.

Jessor, R., & Jessor, S.L. (1977). Problem behavior and psychological development: a longitudinal study of youth. New York: Academic Press.

Johnston, M., & Krettenauer, T. (2011). Moral self and moral emotion expectancies as predictors of anti-and prosocial behaviour in adolescence: A case for mediation?. European Journal of developmental psychology, 8(2), 228-243.

Junger-Tas, J., Ribeaud, D., & Cruyff, M. J. L. F. (2004). Juvenile delinquency and gender. European Journal of Criminology, 1, 333–375.

Kruttschnitt, C., & Giordano, P. (2009). Family influences on girls’ delinquency. In M. A. Zahn (Ed.), The delinquent girl (pp. 107–126). Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Lahey, B.B., Schwab-Stone, M., Goodman, S.H., Waldman, I.D., Canino, G., Rathouz, P.J. et al. (2000). Age and gender differences in oppositional behavior and conduct problems: A cross-sectional household study of middle childhood and adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109(3), 488–503.

Loeber, R., Capaldi, D. M., & Costello, E. (2013). Gender and the development of aggression, disruptive behavior, and delinquency from childhood to early adulthood. Disruptive Behavior Disorders, 1, 137–160.

Mandara, J., Murray, C. B., Telesford, J. M., Varner, F. A., & Richman, S. B. (2012). Observed gender differences in African American mother-child relationships and child behavior. Family Relations, 61(1), 129–141.

Marsh, H. W., Parada, R. H., Yeung, A. S., & Healey, J. B. (2001). Aggressive school troublemakers and victims : a longitudinal model examining the pivotal role of self-concept. Journal of educational psychology. Retrieved from http://ezproxy. uws.edu.au:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db= pdh&AN=edu-93-2-411&site=ehost-live.

Marsh, H.W., Parada, P.H., & Ayotte, V. (2004). A multidimensional perspective of relations between self-concept (Self Description Questionnaire II) and adolescent mental health (Youth Self-Report). Psychological Assessment, 16(1), 27–41.

Maughan, B., Rowe, R., Messer, J., Goodman, R., & Meltzer, H. (2004). Conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder in a national sample: developmental epidemiology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45(3), 609–621. Doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00250.x

McCullough, G., Huebner, E. S., & Laughlin, J. E. (2000). Life events, self-concept, and adolescent’s positive subjective well-being. Psychology in the Schools, 37(3), 281–290.

Moretti, M. M., Holland, R., & McKay, S. (2001). Self–other representations and relational and overt aggression in adolescent girls and boys. Behavioral Sciences & The Law, 19(1), 109-126.

Morgan, P.L., Farkas, G., Tugis, P.A., & Sperling, R.A. (2008).Are reading and behavior problems risk factors for each other? Journal of Learning Disabilities. 41:417–436. Doi: 10.1177/0022219408321123.

Multisite Violence Prevention Project.  (2004). Description of measures: cohort-wide student survey. Available from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Atlanta, GA. (Unpublished)

Nicholas, C. (2014, April 10). Teenage crime on the rise. The Star online. Retrieved from  http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2014/04/10/teenage-crime-on-the-rise-selangor-sees-10-jump-with-12yearolds-amongperpetrators/#CT7A4BVW1aBDU utA.99.

Nilsson, E.L. (2016). Analyzing Gender Differences in the Relationship between Family Influences and Adolescent Offending among Boys and Girls. Child Ind Res. Doi:10.1007/s12187-016-9435-6.

Odgers, C.L., Moffitt, T.E., Broadbent, J.M., Dickson, N., Hancox, R.J., Harrington, H. et al. (2008). Female and male antisocial trajectories: From childhood origins to adult outcomes. Development and Psychopathology, 20 (2), 673–716.

Orpinas, P., & Frankowski, R. (2001). The aggression scale: A self-report measure of aggressive behavior for young adolescents. Journal of Early Adolescence, 21(1), 50-67. Doi:10.1002/bsl.429.

Phillips, J., & Springer, F. (1992). Extended National Youth Sports Program 1991-1992 evaluation highlights, part two: Individual Protective Factors Index (IPFI) and risk assessment study. Report prepared for the National Collegiate Athletic Association. Sacramento, CA: EMT Associates. (Unpublished).

Shuhada, M. (2015, Mac 11). Statistik moral remaja kita. Harian Metro. Retrieved from http://www.hmetro.com.my/node/36116.

Simons-Morton, B., & Chen, R. (2009). Peer and parent influences on school engagement among early adolescents. Youth Soc, 41(1), 3–25. Doi:  10.1177/0044118X09334861.

Steinhausen, H. C., & Metzke, C. W. (2001). Risk, compensatory, vulnerability, and protective factors influencing mental health in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 30(3), 259–280.

Weerman, F. M., Bernasco, W., Bruinsma, G. J., & Pauwels, L. J. (2015). Gender differences in delinquency and situational action theory: a partial test. Justice Quarterly, 33, 1–28.

Wei, X. & Marder, C. (2012). Self-concept development of students with disabilities: disability category, gender, and racial differences from early elementary to high school. Remedial and Special Education, 33(4), 247–257. Doi: 10.1177/0741932510394872.

Wong, T. M., Slotboom, A.-M., & Bijleveld, C. C. (2010). Risk factors for delinquency in adolescent and young females: a European review. European Journal of Criminology, 7, 266 –284.

Welzenis, V. (1997). The self-concept of societally vulnerable and delinquent boys within the context of school and leisure activities. Journal of Adolescence, 20, 695–705.

Ybrandt. H. (2008). The relation between self-concept and social functioning  in adolescence. Journal of Adolescence, 31, 1–16. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2007.03.004.
Published
2018-06-28
How to Cite
Zakaria, P., Noor, A. M. and Mohd Khir, A. (2018) “Relationship Between Self-Concept, Family Relationship and Externalizing Behavior Among Adolescents in Selangor”, Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 3(3), pp. 6 - 16. doi: 10.47405/mjssh.v3i3.106.
Section
Articles