The Changing World: A Literature Review on The Significant Roles of Millennial Women in Malaysia

Nurulainy Mohd Noor; Vivien W. C. Yew; Nur Hafizah Yusoff

doi:10.47405/mjssh.v7i1.1217

Nurulainy Mohd Noor Center for Research in Development, Social and Environment, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Vivien W. C. Yew Center for Research in Development, Social and Environment, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Nur Hafizah Yusoff Center for Research in Development, Social and Environment, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v7i1.1217

Keywords: millennial generation, millennial women, empowerment, changing world, Malaysia

Abstract

Every generation is uniquely featured by naturally designed specific characteristics. A generation is influenced by different backgrounds and upbringing, a major factor that differentiates each generation. Specifically, the significance of new millennial women’s role varies from one country to another. The study aims to analyse the significant roles of millennial women in Malaysia by reviewing empirical studies and performing a relevant literature search through specific terms related to the topic. Resultantly, millennial women’s rising earning power provided significant empowerment and stability. High human capital investment also allowed millennial women to manage the changing family institution that indirectly impacts the stability of society. Finally, the study revealed that new millennial women are transforming and continually evolving to navigate a changing world.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abd Majid, F., Mokhtar, S., Muzlia, S., Shahril, W. N. E. H., Subramaniam, K., & Mohamad, M. (2019). The Malaysian Millennials’ Characteristics: An Investigation on Selected Public Universities. Religación, 4, 9-16.

Alsch, M. (2000). The echo-boom generation: A growing force in American society. Futurist, 34(4), 42-46.

Alsop, R. (2008). The trophy kids grow up: How the millennial generation is shaking up the workplace. New York, NY: Jossey-Bass.

Arham, A. F., Norizan, N. S., Ridzuan, A. R., Alwi, S. N. N. N. S., & Arham, A. F. (2019). Work-Life Conflicts among Women in Malaysia: A Preliminary Study. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(9), 614–623.

Barnard, R., Cosgrove, D., & Welsh, J. (1998). Chips & pop: Decoding the nexus generation. Toronto: Malcolm Lester Books.

Bernama. (2019). Malaysia’s population is now estimated to be 32.6 million. New Straits Time. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/2GsVfv2.

Bianchi, S. M., Sayer, L. C., Milkie, M. A. & Robinson, J. P. (2012). Housework: Who did, does or will do it, and how much does it matter? Social Forces, 91(1), 55-63.

Buckley, M. R., Beau, D. S., Novicevic, M. M. & Sigerstad, T. D. (2001). Managing generation X: Individual and organisational perspectives. Review of Business Jamaica, 22(1/2), 81-85.

Burke, R. J. & Ng, E. (2006). The changing nature of work and organisations: Implications for human resource management. Human Resource Management Review, 16, 86-94.

Briscoe, J. P. & Hall, D. (2006). The interplay of boundaryless and protean careers: Combinations and implications. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 69(1), 4-18.

Chaudhuri, S., & Ghosh, R. (2011). Reverse Mentoring. Human Resource Development Review, 11(1), 55-76.

Chun, K. M., Balls Organista, P. & Marín, G. (2003). Acculturation: Advances in theory, measurement, and applied research. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Corporate Leadership Council. (2005). HR considerations for engaging generation Y employees. Washington, DC: Corporate Executive Board.

Dasar Wanita Negara (Women Declaration). (1989). Kementerian Pembangunan Wanita dan Keluarga Malaysia. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/2p7Oshi.

Daud, S., & Wan Hanafi, W. N. (2020). The Generic Attributes of the New Millennial Leaders. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics, and Business, 7(12), 455-464.

De Vaus, D., Gray, M., Qu, L. & Stanton D. (2015). The economic consequences of divorce in six OECD countries. Australian Institute of Family Studies. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/2JQS16G.

Deloitte Global. (2021). A call for accountability and action: The Deloitte Global 2021 Millennial and Gen Z survey. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3EVniPL

Department of Statistics Malaysia. (2020). Malaysia’s Population Pyramid 2010 – 2040. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3GNjUHr

Devillard, S., Sancier, S., Werner, C., Maller, I. & Kossof, C. (2013). Women matter 2013. Gender diversity in top management: Moving corporate culture, moving boundaries. France: McKinsey and Company.

Dharmastuti, A., Apriliyanti, F., & Wahyuni, F. (2020). Exploring the Impact of COVID-19 Hoax on the Mental Health of Millennial Moms. KnE Social Sciences, 408-429.

Dimock M. (2019). Defining generations: Where Millennials end and Generation Z begins. Retrieved from https://pewrsr.ch/2D7o5PI.

Eddy, S. W., Schweitzer, L. & Lyons, S. T. (2010). New generation, great expectations: A field study of the millennial generation. Journal of Business and Psychology, 25, 281-292.

Flood, A. (2015). The female millennial: A new era of talent. Retrieved from Price Waterhouse Cooper website: https://pwc.to/2SHf8TZ.

Fry, R. (2015). Millennials overtake baby boomers as America’s largest generation. Pew Research Center, FactTank. Retrieved from https://pewrsr.ch/2JQk4Tw.

Garcia-Alonso, J., Krentz, M., Lovich, D., Quickenden, S., & Taplett, F. B. (2019). Lightening the mental load that holds women back. Boston Consulting Group, 1-6.

Global Digital. (2018). Global digital report 2018. Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/2Fx8urq.

Habrich, V., Bobek, V., & Horvat, T. (2021). The Influence of Economic Activity of Women in Malaysia and Guatemala on National Development. In Emerging Markets. Intech Open.

Hanim, H., & Naiemah, S. U. (2021). Determinants of women leadership in the Malaysian manufacturing industry. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 2339, No. 1, p. 020146). AIP Publishing LLC.

Haury, A. C. (2019). How divorce can adversely affect the economy. Investopedia. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/2Zc0WVB

Hewlett, S. A., Sherbin, L., & Sumberg, K. (2009). How gen Y and boomers will reshape your agenda. Harvard Business Review, 87, 71-76. Retrieved from https://hbr.org.

Howe, N. & Strauss, W. (2003). Millennials go to college. Washington, DC: American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers.

Ismail, M., & Lu, H. S. (2014). Cultural values and career goals of the millennial generation: An integrated conceptual framework. Journal of International Management Studies, 9(1), 38-49.

Jayasingam, S., Lee, S. T., & Zain, K. N. M. (2021). Demystifying the life domain in work-life balance: A Malaysian perspective. Current Psychology, 1-12.

Juliano, J. J. (2004). Gen-X and Gen-Y: Teaching them the business. Public Utilities Fortnightly, 142(6), 82-85.

Kelan, E. K. (2012). Rising stars, developing millennial women as leaders. United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan.

Lancaster, L. C. & Stillman, D. (2002). When generations collide. New York: Harper Collins.

Laurie, A. L. (2016). Millennial women in leadership: A new generation of women still facing gender inequalities in business leadership. Pepperdine University: ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.

Lavelle, L. A. (2016). Millennial women in leadership: A new generation of women still facing gender inequalities in business leadership. Pepperdine University: Graduate School of Education and Psychology.

Loughlin, C. & Barling, J. (2001). Young workers’ work values, attitudes, and behaviours. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 74, 543-558.

Lydia, D., & Vighnarajah, S. (2021). Role of English Language as a Literacy Tool in Shaping the Perception of Women’s Empowerment. International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, 9(3), 52-63.

Maimunah, I. & Hoo, S. L. (2014). Cultural values and career goals of the millennial generation: An integrated conceptual framework. Journal of International Management Studies, 9(1), 2.

Mangold, W. G. & Smith, K. T. (2011). Selling to millennials with online reviews. Business Horizons, 55(2), 141-153.

ManpowerGroup Malaysia. (2020). It’s flexibility, if you want to attract and retain Gen Y in the workforce. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3IPA2tS

Marketing Breakthroughs Inc. (2008). Five tips on successfully advertising to Gen-Y. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3oW6eE0

Mielach, D. (2012). Why divorce is bad for the economy. Mother Nature network. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/2Mh4eTQ.

Mohd Rosli, N. A., Suhaimi, H., Saari, Z., Siwok, S. R., Abdul Latif, A., Masroom, M. N., Syed Yusof, S. K., & Othman, N. (2020). Happiness in Islamic Perspectives among Multi-Tasking Women in Malaysia. UMRAN - International Journal of Islamic and Civilisational Studies, 6(3-2), 125-137. https://doi.org/10.11113/umran2020.6n3-2.427

Myers, J. (2007). The how and Y proﬁt. October 2007.

Myers, K. & Sadaghiani, K. (2010). Millennials in the Workplace: A communication perspective on millennial’s organisational relationships and performance. Journal of Business Psychology, 25, 225-23.

Ng, E. S., Lyons, S. T. & Schweitzer, L. (2012). Managing the new workforce: International perspectives in the millennial generation. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

Oblinger, D. G. & Oblinger, J. L. (2005). Educating the net generation (Educause). Retrieved from https://bit.ly/2YuwYPa.

Parker, K. (2012). The boomerang generation: Feeling ok about living with mom and dad. Washington, DC: Pew Social and Demographic Trends. Retrieved from https://pewrsr.ch/2GuCmb4.

Prensky, M. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants. Retrieved from http://www.marcprensky.com/writing.

Price Waterhouse Coopers. (2008). Millennials at work: Perspectives from a new generation. Retrieved from https://pwc.to/2GuJPqJ.

Pryor, J. H., Hurtado, S., DeAngelo, L., Sharkness, J., Romero, L. C., Korn, W. S. & Trans, S. (2009). The American freshman: National norms for 2008 (Research Brief). Los Angeles: Higher Education Research Institute at the University of California. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/2LHnJVQ.

PwC. (2015). The female millennial: A new era of talent. Retrieved from https://pwc.to/3dQ2ZY7

Rokis, R., Basir, N., & Fauzi, F. N. M. (2018). Poverty, women’s empowerment and social entrepreneurship among B40 urban women in Malaysia. In Proceeding: 2nd International Conference on Social Sciences, Humanities And Technology (ICSHT 2018) (pp. 559-564).

Rozlana, N. Z. A., & Subramaniama, G. (2021). Flexible working arrangements and millennials: Does “Work Better” Lead to “Feel Better”? International Seminar on Human Resource Development (ICHRD) 2021.

Rushkoff, D. (1996). Playing the future: How kids’ culture can teach us to thrive in an age of chaos. New York: HarperCollins.

Safer, M. (2008). The millennials are coming. Retrieved from https://cbsn.ws/2SEyQzx.

Sayer, L. C., England, P., Bittman, M. & Bianchi, S. M. (2009). How long is the second (plus ﬁrst) shift? Gender differences in paid, unpaid and total work time in Australia and the United States. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 40(4), 523–545.

Sheahan, P. (2005). Generation Y: Thriving and surviving with Generation Y at work. Prahran: Hardie Grants Book.

Singh, M. K. H., & Tarofder, A. K. (2020). Identifying the Predictors of Intention to Leave Among the Female Employees in Malaysia. Psychology and Education Journal, 57(9), 686-699.

Suleman, D. (2021). Women Discrimination in Malaysia: Examining ‘The Gender Agenda’ from the Viewpoint of Lenore Manderson’s Women, Politics, and Change. Linguistica Antverpiensia 2021(1):2204-2222.

Ministry of Women, Family and Community Development Malaysia (KPWKM). (2018). Sistem Maklumat Nasional Isu-isu Sosial (MaNIS). Retrieved from https://bit.ly/2GtXnmc.

Smith K. T. (2010). Work-life balance perspectives of marketing professionals in generation Y. Services Marketing Quarterly, 31(4), 434-447.

Stanko, E. A. (1997). Should I stay or should I go? Some thoughts on the variants of intimate violence. Violence Against Women, 3(6), 629–635.

Strauss, W. & Howe, N. (2000). Millennials rising: The next great generation. New York, NY: Vintage Books.

Sweeney, R. (2006). Millennial behaviors and demographics. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/2LH2QKA.

Tapscott, D. (1998). Growing up digital: The rise of the Net Generation. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Taylor, J. (2012). Public service motivation and work preferences of the millennials in Australia. In E. S. Ng, S. T. Lyons, & L. Schweitzer (Eds.), Managing the New Workforce: International Perspectives in the Millennial Generation (pp. 20-41). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

Theopilus, Y., Yogasara, T., Theresia, C., & Ardine, D. (2021). Customer experience analysis of cosmetics retail store on millennial women. Engineering Management in Production and Services, 13(2), 29-45.

Twenge, J. M. (2006). Generation me: Why today’s young Americans are more confident, assertive, entitled and more miserable than ever before. New York, NY: Free Press.

Twenge, J. & Campbell, S. (2008). Generational differences in psychological traits and their impact on the workplace. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23(8), 862-877.

Twenge, J. M. (2010). A review of the empirical evidence on generational differences in work attitudes. Journal of Business Psychology, 25, 201-210.

Twenge, J. M. & Campbell, S. M. (2012). Who are the millennials? Empirical evidence for generational differences in work values, attitudes and personality. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

United Nations. (2013). National, regional and global estimates and projections of the number of women aged 15 to 49 who are married or in a union, 1970-2030. Population Division. 2013/2.

United Nations. (2016). Goal 3: Good health and well-being. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/2GVufWN.

Van Scoyoc A. M., & Cason, C. (2006). The electronic academic library: Undergraduate research behaviour in a library without books. Portal: Libraries and the Academy, 6(1), 47-58.

Villalobos. A. (2014). Motherload: Making it all better in insecure times. Oakland: University of California Press.

Walter, V. A. & C. Mediavilla. (2005). Teens are from Neptune, librarians are from Pluto: An analysis of online reference transactions. Library Trends, 54(2), 209–227.

Wang W. & Taylor P. (2011). Millennials, parenthood trumps marriage. Pew Social and Demographic Trends. Retrieved from https://pewrsr.ch/2Y7ChVC.

We Are Social. (2021). Digital 2020: Global Digital Overview. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3oSMAZb

Yang, S. & Guy, M. E. (2006). GenXers versus boomers: Work motivators and management implications. Public Performance and Management Review, 29, 267–284.

Zemke, R., Raines, C. & Filipczak, B. (2000). Generations at work: Managing the clash of veterans, boomers, Xers and Nexters in your workplace. New York, NY: American Management Association.

Zhang, Y., Straub, C. & Kusyk, S. (2007). Making a life or making a living? Cross-cultural comparisons of business students’ work and life values in Canada and France. Cross-Cultural Management: An International Journal, 14, 174-195.