Understanding The Definition and Characteristics of Dyslexia

  • Hasliza Yunus Faculty of Human Development, Sultan Idris Education University (UPSI), 35900, Tanjung Malim, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
  • Noor Aini Ahmad Faculty of Human Development, Sultan Idris Education University (UPSI), 35900, Tanjung Malim, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
Keywords: Learning Disabilities Specific, Definition of Dyslexia, Characteristic of Dyslexia

Abstract

Reading skills are an important element for obtaining knowledge in academic learning. Previous research has demonstrated that dyslexia pupils have a major problem with reading skills. The biggest issue of dyslexic pupils includes language learning disorder. Dyslexia could be a long-lasting impedance, and numerous indications hold on into adulthood. Identification of dyslexia at a preliminary phase comes from the ability to notice dyslexia characteristics, for instance, poor handwriting, written expression difficulties, spelling difficulties, reading fluency, and difficulty associating sounds with letters. Nevertheless, the investigation has exhibited that teachers and parents are still unaware of dyslexia. The goal of this article is to explore dyslexia’s definitions and characteristics that are associated with it. Dyslexia comprises different definitions and characters. Each dyslexic pupil encounters indications that are distinctive from each other. Understanding the definition of dyslexia and the character of early dyslexia can assist teachers in planning fitting intercessions for dyslexic pupils. Conclusions: The implications of this work are that it can assist educators in identifying students who have dyslexia characteristics or symptoms.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abd Rauf, A. A, Ismail, M.A., Balakrishnan, V. & Haruna, K. (2018). Dyslexic pupils: The need for parents awareness. Journal of Education and Human Development, 7(2), 91-99. https://doi.org/10.15640/jehd.v7n2a12.

Ahmed Ansari, S., Memon, F., & Khan, I. (2020). Exploring the level of awareness of dyslexia among private school teachers. International Journal of English Research, 5(6),27-31.

Bakar, N. F. & Abd Rahman, M.J. (2018). Prevalence Murid Berisiko Disleksia Dalam Kalangan Kanak-Kanak Prasekolah. Prosiding Seminar Kebangsaan Majlis Dekan Pendidikan Universiti Awam.

Cabbage, K.L., Farquharson, K., Iuzzini-Seigel, J., Zuk, J., Hogan, T.P. (2018). Exploring the overlap between dyslexia and speech sound production deficits. Language Speech Hearing Service in School, 49(4), 774-786.

Castles, A., Rastle, K., & Nation, K. (2018). Ending the reading wars: Reading acquisition from novice to expert. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 19(1), 5-51. https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100618772271.

Chordia, S. L., Thandapani, K. & Arunagirinathan, A. (2020). Pupils ‘At Risk’ of Developing Specific Learning Disability in Primary Schools. Indian J Pediatr, 87, 94-98 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-019-03130-z.

Costantini, A., Ceschi, A., & Sartori, R. (2020). Psychosocial Interventions for the Enhancement of Psychological Resources among Dyslexic Adults: A Systematic Review. Sustainability, 12(19). https:// doi:10.3390/su12197994.

D’Mello, A. M. & Gabrieli, J. D. E., (2018). Cognitive Neuroscience of Dyslexia. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in School, 49(4), 789-809. https://doi.org/10.1044/2018_LSHSS-DYSLC-18-0020.

Del Tufo, S. N., & Earle, F. S. (2020). Skill Profiles of College Pupils With a History of Developmental Language Disorder and Developmental Dyslexia. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 53(3), 228-240. https://doi:10.1177/0022219420904348.

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. (2013) Diagnostic And Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed. American Psychiatric Association Publishing.

Fletcher, J. M., & Grigorenko, E. L. (2017). Neuropsychology of learning disabilities: The past and the future. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 23(9-10),930-940. https://doi:10.1017/S135561771700104.

Gray, S., B. Fox, A., Green, S., Alt, M, P. Hogan, T., Petscher, Y., & Cowan, N., (2019). Working Memory Profiles of Pupils With Dyslexia, Developmental Language Disorder, or Both. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 62, 1839-1858, https://doi.org/10.1044/2019_JSLHR-L-18-0148.

Grigorenko, E. L., Compton, D. L., Fuchs, L. S., Wagner, R. K., Willcutt, E. G., & Fletcher, J. M. (2020). Understanding, educating, and supporting pupils with specific learning disabilities: 50 years of science and practice. American Psychologist, 75(1), 37-51. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000452.

Hebert, M. M. Kearns D, Hayes J, B, Bazis P, & Cooper S. (2018) Why Pupils with Dyslexia Struggle With Writing and How to Help Them. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in School, 49, 843-863, https://doi.org/10.1044/2018_LSHSS-DYSLC-18-0024.

International Dyslexia Association (2019). Dyslexia Basics. International Dyslexia Association. https://dyslexiaida.org/dyslexia-basics-2/.

International Dyslexia Association. (2017). Dyslexia in the classroom: What every teacher need to know. International Dyslexia Association. https://dyslexiaida.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/DITC-Handbook.pdf. Accessed 5 May 2021.

Jincy, J., & Jose, P. S. H. (2021). Survey on Intervention & Diagnosis of Dyslexia, 2021 International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Computing, Communication and Sustainable Technologies (ICAECT), 1-5, https:/doi: 10.1109/ICAECT49130.2021.9392606.

Kalsoom, T., Mujahid, A. H., & Zulfqar, A. (2020). Dyslexia as a learning disability : Teachers’ perceptions and practices at school level. Bulletin of Education and Research, 42(1), 155-166.

Kannangara, C., Carson, J., Puttaraju, S., & Allen, R., (2018). Not All Those Who Wander are Lost: Examining the Charecter Strengths of Dyslexia. Global Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities, 4(5). Doi: 10.19080/GJIDD.2018.04.555648

Kimura, K., Itokazu, M., & Otabe, N. (2021). Characteristic of The Joint Position Sense in Pupils with Developmental Dyslexia, The Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 33, 236-240.

Knight, C. (2017). What is dyslexia? An exploration of the relationship between teachers’ understandings of dyslexia and their training experiences, Dyslexia, 1-13, https://doi 10.1002/dys.1593.

Kohli, A., Sharma, S., & K. Padhy, S. (2018). Specific Learning Disabilities: Issues that Remain Unanswered, Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 40(5).

Laurence, P. G., Pinto, T. M., Fea, R. A. T., & Macedo, E. C. (2018). Can a lexical decision task predict efficiency in the judgment of ambiguous sentences? Psicologia: Reflexao e Critica.

Leah, F. & Heads, R. (2018), Dyslexia as a multi-deficit disorder: Working memory and auditory temporal processing. International Journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/actpsy.

Lin, Y., Zhang, X., Huang, Q., Lv, L., Huang, A., Li, A., Wu, K., & Huang, Y., (2020). The prevalence of dyslexia in primary school pupils and their chinese literacy, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17, 7140, https://doi:10.3390/ijerph1719740.

Malaysian Dyslexia Association, What is Dyslexia?. http://www.dyslexiamalaysia.org/en/dyslexia/what-is-dyslexia

Mayo Clinic (2017). Dyslexia-Symptoms and Causes. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dyslexia/symptoms-causes/syc-20353552 (Last accessed on 2021 July).

Meiri, R., Levinson, O., & Horowitz-Kraus, T. (2019). Altered Association Between Executive Functions and Reading and Math fluency tasks in pupils with reading difficulties compared with typical readers. Dyslexia, 1-17, https://doi:10.1002/dys.1624.

Ministry of Education (2013). Laporan Awal Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia 2013- 2025. Kuala Lumpur. Ministry of Education Malaysia.

Ministry of Education (2020). Special Education Data 2020. Ministry of Education Malaysia.

Nalavany, B. A., Logan, J. M., & Carawan, L. W. (2017). The Relationship between emotional experience with dyslexia and work self-efficacy among adults with dyslexia. Dyslexia, 24(1), 17-32. https://doi:10.1002dys.1575

National Center for Education Statistics. (2018). Pupils and youth with disabilities. http://nces.ed.gov/pro-grams/coe/indicator_cgg.asp

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. (2019). Dyslexia Information Page. https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Dyslexia-Information-Page

Ogunsola, B. A. (2018).Teacher’s Qualification and Dyslexia Identification in Primary Schools in Oyo State, Nigeria. Africa Education Review, 15(4), 36-66.

Parveen, N., & Baig, M.M. (2021). Diagnosis and identification of Dyslexia. International Journal of Reflective in Social Sciences, 4(1), 1-3.

Perry, C., Zorzi, M. & Ziegler, J. C., (2019). Understanding Dyslexa through perseonelized large-scale computational models. Psychol. Sci, 30 (2019). https://doi:10.1177/0956797618823540.

Pillai, S,, (2021, Jan 10). Don’t leave dyslexic pupils behind. The Star https://www.thestar.com.my/news/education/2021/01/10/dont-leave-dyslexic-pupils-behind

Piotrowska, B., & Willis, A. (2019). Beyond the global motion deficit hypothesis of developmental dyslexia: A cross-sectional study of visual, cognitive, and socio-economic factors influencing reading ability in pupils. Vision Research, 159, 48-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2019.03.007.

Ramli, S., Idris, I. B., Omar, K., Harun, D., Surat, S., Mohamad Yusop, Y., & Nor Zainudin, Z., (2019). Preschool teachers’ knowledge of dyslexia: A Malaysian experience. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 134-139.

Reis, A., Araújo, S., Morais, I.S., & Faisca, L. (2020). Reading and reading-related skills in adults with dyslexia from different orthographic systems: a review and meta-analysis. Ann. of Dyslexia, 339-368. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11881-020-00205-x.

Sayeski, K. (2019). Dyslexia. Teaching Exceptional Pupils, 51(3), 170–171. https://doi.org/10.1177/0040059918820436.

Skeide, M.A., Evans, T.M., Mei, E.Z., Abrams, D.A., Menon, V. (2018). Neural signatures of co-occurring reading and mathematical difficulties. Dev. Sci, 21, e12680 https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12680.

Snowling, M. J. (2019). Dyslexia: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Snowling, M. J., Hayiou-Thomas, M. E., Nash, H. M., & Hulme, C. (2019). Dyslexia and developmental language disorder: Comorbid disorders with distinct effects on reading comprehension. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61(6), 672-680, https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13140

Snowling, M. J., Hulme, C., & Nation, K. (2020). Defining And Understanding Dyslexia: Past, Present And Future. Oxford Review of Education, 46(4), 501-513, https://doi.org/10.1080/03054985.2020.1765756.

Stein, J. (2018). What is Developmental Dyslexia?. Brain Sci, 8(2), 26 https://doi:10.3390/brainsci8020026.

Subramaniam, V., & Kunasegran K. (2019). Visual Dyslexia Symptoms VS. The Level of Learning of Dyslexic Pupils. Infrastructure e University Kuala Lumpur Research Journal, 7(2)

Sundus Khaliq, Iram Ramzan, Javed (2017). Study about Awareness of Dyslexia among Elementary School Teachers Regarding Pakistan Elementary Educational Institutes. Int Journal of Research in Business Studies and Management, 4(5), 1-23.

Vidyasagar, T. R. (2019). Visual attention and neural oscillations in reading and dyslexia: Are they possible targets for remediation?. Neuropsychologia, 130, 59-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologio.2019.02.009

Wan Norudin, S.W.A, & Baba, S. (2018). Literacy Difficulties of Dyslexic Pupils in Bahasa Malaysia: A Case Study in Kelantan. INSANIAH: International Online Journal of Language, Communication, and Humanities, 1(2) 9-24.

Williams, J. P., Kao, J. C., Poa, L. S., Ordynans, J. G., Cheng, R., & Debonis, D. (2016). Close analysis of texts with structure (CATS): An intervention to teach reading comprehension to at-risk second graders. Journal of Educational Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000117.

Yahya, A.Y., Noor Aini Ahmad & Yoong, S.M. (2019). A new dimensional in teaching non-verbal pupils with learning disabilities. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(12), 2099-2108. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v9-12/7420.

Published
2022-05-25
How to Cite
Yunus, H. and Ahmad, N. A. (2022) “Understanding The Definition and Characteristics of Dyslexia”, Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 7(5), p. e001353. doi: 10.47405/mjssh.v7i5.1353.
Section
Articles