Pemikiran Komputasional dalam Matematik: Satu Tinjauan Literatur Bersistematik
Abstract
Pemikiran komputasional merupakan salah satu kemahiran yang penting dalam pada abad ke-21 dalam pelbagai bidang, termasuk bidang pendidikan matematik. Pelbagai kajian telah dilakukan terhadap bidang pemikiran komputasional, namun begitu tinjauan literatur bersistematik yang menyeluruh dijalankan terhadap istilah pemikiran komputasional dalam skop kajian dan bidang pembelajaran matematik adalah terhad. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti istilah pemikiran komputasional dalam pendidikan matematik dan mengkaji bagaimana kajian berkaitan pemikiran komputasional dilaksanakan melalui analisis kajian lepas bagi penerokaan definisi pemikiran komputasional. Kajian ini dijalankan berpandukan model PRISMA di mana terdapat empat peringkat dalam model tersebut iaitu, pengenalpastian, saringan, kelayakan dan kemasukan telah dijalankan berdasarkan protokol kriteria yang ditentukan. Lima puluh buah artikel kajian penyelidikan pemikiran komputasional dari tahun 2011 hingga 2021 diambil daripada Scopus dan WoS dijadikan sumber data kajian ini. Hasil tinjauan literatur menunjukkan bahawa istilah-istilah penting pemikiran komputasional dalam pendidikan matematik adalah proses pemikiran, menjana masalah, menyelesaikan masalah dan pendekatan komputer. Selain itu, terdapat empat komponen yang terlibat dalam pemikiran komputasional pendidikan matematik, iaitu peniskalaan, peleraian masalah, pengecaman pola dan pemikiran algoritma. Pada masa yang sama, didapati kajian kes dengan pendekatan kualitatif telah mendominasi reka bentuk dan pendekatan kajian dalam penyelidikan pemikiran komputasional. Tambahan pula, majoriti kajian pemikiran komputasional dalam pendidikan matematik mempraktikkan lebih daripada satu kaedah pengumpulan data. Akhir kata, diharapkan kajian ini memberi implikasi dan gambaran awal kepada pengkaji dari segi istilah pemikiran komputasional dan cara pelaksanaan kajian pendidikan matematik yang berkonsepkan pemikiran komputasional dengan lebih efektif.
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