A Literature Review on Residential Child Care: An Attachment Theory Perspectives
Keywords:
residential care, attachment theory, role of residential care
Abstract
The existence of residential care is a step towards protecting, nurturing and restoring children who fall into torture, neglect, family problems and poverty. The purpose of residential care is to provide child care services to ensure the safety and natural growth in terms of physical, mental, emotional and moral development of children. Based on the highlights of previous studies there are several aspects such as regulation, program quality, staff relations with occupants and frequent exchange of care centers. All these aspects are the challenges that need to be addressed which have a direct impact over the cognitive, emotional, behavioral and social development of children. In this article, the authors highlights the importance of linking the relationship between guardians or institutional staff with children in shaping the self-esteem of the occupants so that they can accept change and develop better from all aspects.
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References
Abd. Manaf, A. R., & Mokhtar, N. (2013). Social support for child abuse cases in institutional care. Journal of Social and Development Sciences, 4(11), 508–513.
Abdullah, A. (2010). Tema dan isu penyelidikan mengenai gejala sosial pada dekad pertama abad 21 di Malaysia. Akademika, 78(Jan.-April), 3–14. Retrieved from http://pkukmweb.ukm.my/~penerbit/akademika/jademik.html
Abela, A., Abdilla, N., Abela, C., Camilleri, J., Mercieca, D., & Mercieca, G. (2012). Children in out-of-home care in Malta. St. Lucia, Malta. Retrieved from www.tfal.org.mt
Aideuis, D. (2007). Promoting Attachment and Emotional Regulation of Children with Complex Trauma Disorder. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 3(4), 546–554. https://doi.org/10.1525/jer.2008.3.1.toc
Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1979). Infant–mother attachment. American Psychologist, 34(10), 932–937. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.34.10.932
Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Hillsdale, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
Ajdukovi, M., & Franz, B. S. (2005). Behavioural and emotional problems of children by type of out-of-home care in Croatia. International Journal of Social Welfare, 14, 163–175.
Andersson, G. (2009). Foster children: A longitudinal study of placements and family relationships. International Journal of Social Welfare, 18(1), 13–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2397.2008.00570.x
Appleton, J. V, & Stanley, N. (2010). Looked after children and the care system. Child Abuse Review, 19(6), 383–386. https://doi.org/10.1002/car.1162
Barth, R. P., Crea, T. M., Barth, R. P., Crea, T. M., John, K., Thoburn, J., & Quinton, D. (2005). Beyond attachment theory and therapy : Towards sensitive and evidence-based intervention with foster and adoptive families in distress. Child & Family Social Work, 10(4), 257–268. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2206.2005.00380.x
Brack, A. B., Huefner, J. C., & Handwerk, M. L. (2012). The impact of abuse and gender on psychopathology, behavioral disturbance, and psychotropic medication count for youth in residential treatment. The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 82(4), 562–572. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.2012.01177.x
Bretherton, I. (1992). The origins of attachment theory: John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth. Developmental Psychology, 28, 759–775. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.28.5.759
Bretherton, I. (1997). Bowlby’s legacy to developmental psychology. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 28(1), 33–43.
Bruskas, D., & Tessin, D. H. (2013). Adverse childhood experiences and psychosocial well-being of women who were in foster care as children. Nursing Research and Practice, 17(3), 131–141. https://doi.org/10.7812/TPP/12-121
Chambers, C., & Palmer, E. (2011). Educational stability for children in foster care. Touro Law Review, 26(4), 1103–1130.
Chan, C. C. (2013). A comparative study on Rumah Kanak-Kanak (Children Residential Home) and Rumah Tunas Harapan (Foster Home) in Malaysia: A child centric perspective. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). National University of Singapore.
Cicchetti, D., Rogosch, F. A., & Toth, S. L. (2006). Fostering secure attachment in infants in maltreating families through preventive interventions. Development and Psychopathology, 18(3), 623–649. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579406060329
Collin-Vézina, D., Coleman, K., Milne, L., Sell, J., & Daigneault, I. (2011). Trauma experiences, maltreatment-related impairments, and resilience among child welfare youth in residential care. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 9(5), 577–589. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260513518435
Conners-Burrow, N. A., Kyzer, A., Pemberton, J., McKelvey, L., Whiteside-Mansell, L., & Fulmer, J. (2013). Child and family factors associated with teacher-reported behavior problems in young children of substance abusers. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 18(4), 218–224. https://doi.org/10.1111/camh.12010
Connolly, M., & Morris, K. (2012). Understanding child & family welfare. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Crittenden, P. M. (1992). Children’s strategies for coping with adverse home environments: An interpretation using attachment theory. Child Abuse and Neglect, 16, 329–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(92)90043-Q
Dorsey, S., Burns, B. J., Southerland, D. G., Cox, J. R., Wagner, H. R., & Farmer, E. M. Z. (2012). Prior trauma exposure for youth in treatment foster care. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 21(5), 816–824. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-011-9542-4
Dozier, M., & Bick, J. (2007). Changing caregivers: Coping with early adversity. Pediatric Annals, 36(4), 205–208.
Dozier, M., Lindhiem, O., Lewis, E., Bick, J., Bernard, K., & Peloso, E. (2009). Effects of a foster parent training program on young children’s attachment behaviors: Preliminary evidence from a randomized clinical trial. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 26, 321–332. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-009-0165-1
Dykas, M. J., & Cassidy, J. (2011). Attachment and the processing of social information across the life span: Theory and evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 137(1), 19–46. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021367
Fairchild, S. R. (2009). Attachment representations and parental memories of incarcerated fathers. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 26(4), 361–377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-009-0180-2
Fisher, P. A., & Kim, H. K. (2007). Intervention effects on foster preshoolers’ attachment-related behaviors from a randomized trial. Prev Sci., 8(2), 161–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2006.10.010.Use
Fitton, V. A. (2012). Attachment theory: History, research, and practice. Psychoanalytic Social Work, 19(1–2), 121–143. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228878.2012.666491
Gauthier, Y., Fortin, G., & Jéliu, G. (2004). Clinical application of attachment theory in permanency planning for children in foster care: The importance of continuity of care. Infant Mental Health Journal, 25(4), 379–396. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.20012
Helgeland, I. M. (2010). What works? A 15-year follow-up study of 85 young people with serious behavioral problems. Children and Youth Services Review, 32, 423–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2009.10.015
Hobbs, S., & McKechnie, J. (2012). Social and emotional development: Entering the social world. In R. Adams (Ed.), Working With Children and Families : Knowledge and Contexts for Practice (pp. 53–60). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Ijzendoorn, M. H. Van, & Kranenburg, M. J. B. (2003). Attachment disorders and disorganized attachment: similar and different. Attachment & Human Development, 5(3), 313–320. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616730310001593938
Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat. (2018). Rumah Kanak-Kanak. Retrieved September 8, 2018, from http://www.jkm.gov.my/jkm/index.php?r=portal/left&id=aFIzU3BR
Jacobs, C. (2012). Caring about attachment in young people in residential care : The use of the attachment style Interview. Report of a voluntary sector and university partnership. Retrieved February 12, 2015, from www.attachmentstyleinterview.com/pdf files/Attachment_style_in_res_care.pdf
Jacobs, C., Ilan-Clarke, Y., & Bifulco, A. (2012). Caring about attachment in young people in residential care : The use of the attachment style interview . Retrieved from http://www.attachmentstyleinterview.com/pdf files/Attachment_and_Res_Care.pdf
Jansen, A., & Andenaes, A. (2011). “Heading for Japan”: Prospective narratives and development among young people living in residential care. Qualitative Social Work, 12(2), 119–134. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473325011423588
Kassabri, M. K., & Schwartz, S. A. (2013). Adolescents’ reports of physical violence by peers in residential care settings: An ecological examination. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 29(4), 659–682. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260513505208
Laible, D. J., Carlo, G., & Raffaelli, M. (2000). The differential relations of parent and peer attachment to adolescent adjustment. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 29(1), 45–59. https://doi.org/10.1023/A
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Macdonald, G., & Millen, S. (2012). Therapeutic approaches to social work in residential child care settings : Literature review. Great Britain. Retrieved from www.scie.org.uk
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Mohd, A., & Kadir, N. A. (2012). Protection of children in Malaysia through foster care legislation and policy. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 6(1), 63–72.
Mohr, W. K., Martin, A., Olson, J. N., Pumariega, A. J., & Branca, N. (2009). Beyond point and level systems: Moving toward child-centered programming. The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 79(1), 8–18. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015375
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Raj, S. P., & Raval, V. V. (2013). Residential child care in Malaysia: An exploratory qualitative study of caregiver–child interactions. International Perspectives in Psychology: Research, Practice, Consultation, 2(3), 194–206. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032751
Rauktis, M., Fusco, R. A., Cahalane, H., Bennett, I. K., & Reinhart, S. M. (2011). Try to make it seem like we’re regular kids: Youth perceptionsof restrictiveness in out-of-home care. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(February 2011), 1224–1233. https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.5140.5769
Robinson, L. R., Boris, N. W., Heller, S. S., Rice, J., Zeanah, C. H., Clark, C., & Hawkins, S. (2012). The good enough home? Home environment and outcomes of young maltreated children. Child and Youth Care Forum, 41(1), 73–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-011-9157-3
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Schmidt, J., Miranda Cunningham, Dalton, L. D., Powers, L. E., Geenen, S., & Orozco, C. G. (2013). Assessing restrictiveness: A closer look at the foster care placements and perceptions of youth with and without disabilities aging out of care. Journal of Public Child Welfare, 7(5), 586–609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micinf.2011.07.011.Innate
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Abdullah, A. (2010). Tema dan isu penyelidikan mengenai gejala sosial pada dekad pertama abad 21 di Malaysia. Akademika, 78(Jan.-April), 3–14. Retrieved from http://pkukmweb.ukm.my/~penerbit/akademika/jademik.html
Abela, A., Abdilla, N., Abela, C., Camilleri, J., Mercieca, D., & Mercieca, G. (2012). Children in out-of-home care in Malta. St. Lucia, Malta. Retrieved from www.tfal.org.mt
Aideuis, D. (2007). Promoting Attachment and Emotional Regulation of Children with Complex Trauma Disorder. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 3(4), 546–554. https://doi.org/10.1525/jer.2008.3.1.toc
Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1979). Infant–mother attachment. American Psychologist, 34(10), 932–937. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.34.10.932
Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Hillsdale, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
Ajdukovi, M., & Franz, B. S. (2005). Behavioural and emotional problems of children by type of out-of-home care in Croatia. International Journal of Social Welfare, 14, 163–175.
Andersson, G. (2009). Foster children: A longitudinal study of placements and family relationships. International Journal of Social Welfare, 18(1), 13–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2397.2008.00570.x
Appleton, J. V, & Stanley, N. (2010). Looked after children and the care system. Child Abuse Review, 19(6), 383–386. https://doi.org/10.1002/car.1162
Barth, R. P., Crea, T. M., Barth, R. P., Crea, T. M., John, K., Thoburn, J., & Quinton, D. (2005). Beyond attachment theory and therapy : Towards sensitive and evidence-based intervention with foster and adoptive families in distress. Child & Family Social Work, 10(4), 257–268. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2206.2005.00380.x
Brack, A. B., Huefner, J. C., & Handwerk, M. L. (2012). The impact of abuse and gender on psychopathology, behavioral disturbance, and psychotropic medication count for youth in residential treatment. The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 82(4), 562–572. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.2012.01177.x
Bretherton, I. (1992). The origins of attachment theory: John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth. Developmental Psychology, 28, 759–775. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.28.5.759
Bretherton, I. (1997). Bowlby’s legacy to developmental psychology. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 28(1), 33–43.
Bruskas, D., & Tessin, D. H. (2013). Adverse childhood experiences and psychosocial well-being of women who were in foster care as children. Nursing Research and Practice, 17(3), 131–141. https://doi.org/10.7812/TPP/12-121
Chambers, C., & Palmer, E. (2011). Educational stability for children in foster care. Touro Law Review, 26(4), 1103–1130.
Chan, C. C. (2013). A comparative study on Rumah Kanak-Kanak (Children Residential Home) and Rumah Tunas Harapan (Foster Home) in Malaysia: A child centric perspective. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). National University of Singapore.
Cicchetti, D., Rogosch, F. A., & Toth, S. L. (2006). Fostering secure attachment in infants in maltreating families through preventive interventions. Development and Psychopathology, 18(3), 623–649. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579406060329
Collin-Vézina, D., Coleman, K., Milne, L., Sell, J., & Daigneault, I. (2011). Trauma experiences, maltreatment-related impairments, and resilience among child welfare youth in residential care. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 9(5), 577–589. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260513518435
Conners-Burrow, N. A., Kyzer, A., Pemberton, J., McKelvey, L., Whiteside-Mansell, L., & Fulmer, J. (2013). Child and family factors associated with teacher-reported behavior problems in young children of substance abusers. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 18(4), 218–224. https://doi.org/10.1111/camh.12010
Connolly, M., & Morris, K. (2012). Understanding child & family welfare. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Crittenden, P. M. (1992). Children’s strategies for coping with adverse home environments: An interpretation using attachment theory. Child Abuse and Neglect, 16, 329–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(92)90043-Q
Dorsey, S., Burns, B. J., Southerland, D. G., Cox, J. R., Wagner, H. R., & Farmer, E. M. Z. (2012). Prior trauma exposure for youth in treatment foster care. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 21(5), 816–824. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-011-9542-4
Dozier, M., & Bick, J. (2007). Changing caregivers: Coping with early adversity. Pediatric Annals, 36(4), 205–208.
Dozier, M., Lindhiem, O., Lewis, E., Bick, J., Bernard, K., & Peloso, E. (2009). Effects of a foster parent training program on young children’s attachment behaviors: Preliminary evidence from a randomized clinical trial. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 26, 321–332. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-009-0165-1
Dykas, M. J., & Cassidy, J. (2011). Attachment and the processing of social information across the life span: Theory and evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 137(1), 19–46. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021367
Fairchild, S. R. (2009). Attachment representations and parental memories of incarcerated fathers. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 26(4), 361–377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-009-0180-2
Fisher, P. A., & Kim, H. K. (2007). Intervention effects on foster preshoolers’ attachment-related behaviors from a randomized trial. Prev Sci., 8(2), 161–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2006.10.010.Use
Fitton, V. A. (2012). Attachment theory: History, research, and practice. Psychoanalytic Social Work, 19(1–2), 121–143. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228878.2012.666491
Gauthier, Y., Fortin, G., & Jéliu, G. (2004). Clinical application of attachment theory in permanency planning for children in foster care: The importance of continuity of care. Infant Mental Health Journal, 25(4), 379–396. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.20012
Helgeland, I. M. (2010). What works? A 15-year follow-up study of 85 young people with serious behavioral problems. Children and Youth Services Review, 32, 423–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2009.10.015
Hobbs, S., & McKechnie, J. (2012). Social and emotional development: Entering the social world. In R. Adams (Ed.), Working With Children and Families : Knowledge and Contexts for Practice (pp. 53–60). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Ijzendoorn, M. H. Van, & Kranenburg, M. J. B. (2003). Attachment disorders and disorganized attachment: similar and different. Attachment & Human Development, 5(3), 313–320. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616730310001593938
Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat. (2018). Rumah Kanak-Kanak. Retrieved September 8, 2018, from http://www.jkm.gov.my/jkm/index.php?r=portal/left&id=aFIzU3BR
Jacobs, C. (2012). Caring about attachment in young people in residential care : The use of the attachment style Interview. Report of a voluntary sector and university partnership. Retrieved February 12, 2015, from www.attachmentstyleinterview.com/pdf files/Attachment_style_in_res_care.pdf
Jacobs, C., Ilan-Clarke, Y., & Bifulco, A. (2012). Caring about attachment in young people in residential care : The use of the attachment style interview . Retrieved from http://www.attachmentstyleinterview.com/pdf files/Attachment_and_Res_Care.pdf
Jansen, A., & Andenaes, A. (2011). “Heading for Japan”: Prospective narratives and development among young people living in residential care. Qualitative Social Work, 12(2), 119–134. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473325011423588
Kassabri, M. K., & Schwartz, S. A. (2013). Adolescents’ reports of physical violence by peers in residential care settings: An ecological examination. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 29(4), 659–682. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260513505208
Laible, D. J., Carlo, G., & Raffaelli, M. (2000). The differential relations of parent and peer attachment to adolescent adjustment. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 29(1), 45–59. https://doi.org/10.1023/A
Landa, S., & Duschinsky, R. (2013). Crittenden’s dynamic–maturational model of attachment and adaptation. Review of General Psychology, 17(3), 326–338. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032102
Lee, R. M., Seol, K. O., Sung, M., & Miller, M. J. (2011). The behavioral development of Korean children in institutional care and international adoptive families. International Perspectives in Psychology: Research, Practice, Consultation, 1(S), 3–18. https://doi.org/10.1037/2157-3883.1.S.3
Longhofer, J., Floersch, J., & Okpych, N. (2011). Foster youth and psychotropic treatment: Where next? Children and Youth Services Review, 33(2), 395–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.10.006
Ludolph, P. S., & Dale, M. D. (2014). Attachment in child custody: An additive factor, not a determinative one. Family Law Quarterly, 46(1), 1–40. Retrieved from http://eserv.uum.edu.my/docview/1271860905?accountid=42599
Macdonald, G., & Millen, S. (2012). Therapeutic approaches to social work in residential child care settings : Literature review. Great Britain. Retrieved from www.scie.org.uk
Mansor, M., & Abu Samah, A. (2011). A descriptive analysis on the personality of child physical abuse victims. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(14), 229–241.
Mohd, A., & Kadir, N. A. (2012). Protection of children in Malaysia through foster care legislation and policy. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 6(1), 63–72.
Mohr, W. K., Martin, A., Olson, J. N., Pumariega, A. J., & Branca, N. (2009). Beyond point and level systems: Moving toward child-centered programming. The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 79(1), 8–18. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015375
Nalasamy, P. R., & Ah, S. H. A. B. (2013). Hak kanak-kanak dalam jagaan institusi awam. Kuala Lumpur: Universiti Malaya.
Raj, S. P., & Raval, V. V. (2013). Residential child care in Malaysia: An exploratory qualitative study of caregiver–child interactions. International Perspectives in Psychology: Research, Practice, Consultation, 2(3), 194–206. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032751
Rauktis, M., Fusco, R. A., Cahalane, H., Bennett, I. K., & Reinhart, S. M. (2011). Try to make it seem like we’re regular kids: Youth perceptionsof restrictiveness in out-of-home care. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(February 2011), 1224–1233. https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.5140.5769
Robinson, L. R., Boris, N. W., Heller, S. S., Rice, J., Zeanah, C. H., Clark, C., & Hawkins, S. (2012). The good enough home? Home environment and outcomes of young maltreated children. Child and Youth Care Forum, 41(1), 73–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-011-9157-3
Saim, N. J., Dufaker, M., Eriksson, M., & Ghazinour, M. (2013). Listen to the voices of unwed teenage mothers in Malaysian shelter homes: An explorative study. Global Journal of Health Science, 5(5), 20–30. https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v5n5p20
Schmidt, J., Miranda Cunningham, Dalton, L. D., Powers, L. E., Geenen, S., & Orozco, C. G. (2013). Assessing restrictiveness: A closer look at the foster care placements and perceptions of youth with and without disabilities aging out of care. Journal of Public Child Welfare, 7(5), 586–609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micinf.2011.07.011.Innate
Smyke, A. T., Zeanah, C. H., Fox, N. A., Nelson, C. A., & Guthrie, D. (2008). Placement in foster care enhances quality of attachment among young institutionalized children. Child Development, 81(1), 212–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2006.10.010.Use
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Published
2019-06-12
How to Cite
Rohani, R., Jamaluddin, Z. and Abd Manaf, A. R. (2019) “A Literature Review on Residential Child Care: An Attachment Theory Perspectives”, Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 4(3), pp. 14 - 21. doi: 10.47405/mjssh.v4i3.201.
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