Meneroka Isu Perkahwinan Bawah Umur dari Perspektif Undang-Undang Perkahwinan Adat di Sarawak
Abstract
Perkahwinan bawah umur melibatkan kanak-kanak yang berumur 18 tahun ke bawah. Isu ini merupakan isu global yang serius, termasuklah di Malaysia. Perkahwinan di bawah umur masih terjadi di Malaysia dan terdapat beberapa undang-undang perkahwinan adat yang membenarkan perkahwinan kanak-kanak yang belum mencapai usia 18 tahun. Justeru itu, artikel ini akan membincangkan tentang undang-undang perkahwinan adat yang terdapat di Malaysia dan negara lain serta faktor yang mempengaruhi perkahwinan bawah umur. Data kajian ini dianalisis menggunakan sorotan literatur yang berkaitan dengan isu perkahwinan bawah umur. Antara faktor yang menyumbang kepada perkahwinan bawah umur adalah hamil di luar nikah, meneruskan tradisi, kemiskinan dan untuk mengelakkan hubungan seks di luar nikah. Kajian ini akan menganalisis empat buah negara yang mempunyai undang-undang perkahwinan adat tersendiri iaitu Malaysia, Afrika Selatan, Pakistan dan Kenya. Dalam hal ini, kebanyakan negara mentafsirkan undang-undang perkahwinan adat sebagai tradisi yang perlu diikuti oleh masyarakat. Di Malaysia, kajian terhadap perkahwinan bawah umur dalam kalangan orang asal yang mengamalkan perkahwinan menggunakan undang-undang adat terutamanya dalam kalangan kaum peribumi adalah terhad, sehubungan itu, lebih banyak kajian perlu dijalankan untuk mendapatkan maklumat mendalam mengenai isu perkahwinan bawah umur yang menggunakan undang-undang perkahwinan adat. Di samping itu, Kementerian Pendidikan perlu melaksanakan pendidikan seks di sekolah untuk mencegah perkahwinan bawah umur daripada terus berlaku. Pada masa yang sama, bagi mengurangkan bilangan kanak-kanak yang tercicir dari sekolah dan berkahwin awal disebabkan kemiskinan, pihak kerajaan perlu membantu golongan rentan meningkatkan taraf ekonomi mereka melalui perlaksanaan program yang dapat menjana pendapatan seperti perniagaan bagi menampung keperluan keluarga.
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