Sejarah Perdagangan dan Kekeluargaan dalam Menjadi Penerus Kepada Penyeludupan Barangan dalam kalangan Komuniti Sempadan di Kalimantan Barat dan Sarawak: Kajian Kes Sempadan Lubok Antu-Badau
Keywords:
komuniti sempadan, penyeludupan barangan, sejarah perdagangan, hubungan kekeluargaan
Abstract
Perdagangan lintas sempadan antara Sabah-Sarawak dan Kalimantan secara informal telah wujud sejak sebelumnya konfrontasi Indonesia berlaku pada tahun 1962-1966. Dalam hal ini, penyeludupan barangan di kawasan sempadan turut merupakan satu fenomena yang berterusan sehingga sekarang. Oleh itu, artikel ini ditulis bagi membincangkan mengenai fenomena penyeludupan barangan di kawasan sempadan dengan melihat kepada pandangan komuniti berkaitan permasalahan ini. Kajian ini menggunakan temu bual secara mendalam dan pemerhatian ke atas 15 orang informan bagi melihat kepada fenomena penyeludupan di kawasan kajian. Dapatan kajian mendapati bahawa sejarah perdagangan dan kekeluargaan di kedua-dua kawasan mempunyai kaitan dengan berlangsungnya aktiviti penyeludupan barangan dalam kalangan komuniti sempadan. Persepsi daripada komuniti dan pihak penguatkuasa turut mempengaruhi kelangsungan fenomena tersebut disebabkan sejarah perdagangan dan hubungan kekeluargaan yang dimiliki oleh kedua-dua komuniti sempadan. Namun demikian, dari sudut pandang nasional, fenomena tersebut merupakan satu aktiviti yang menyalahi undang-undang yakni penyeludupan. Oleh itu, bertitik-tolak daripada faktor tersebut isu ini terus berlaku di kawasan kajian.
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References
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Ramli Dollah & Ahmad Mosfi Mohamad. (2007). Perdagangan Tukar Barang Malaysia-Indonesia: Potensi dan Cabaran. Jati, Vol. 12, 83-106.
Saru Ariffin, SH & LL.M. (2012). Trans Border Cooperation Between Indonesia Malaysia and its Implication to the Border Development. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, Vol 1, 85-90.
Schendel, W.V. (2005). Spaces of Engagement: How Borderlands, Illicit Flows and Territorial States Interlock. In Illicit Flows and Criminal Things: State, Borders and the Other Side of Globalization, edited by Schendel, W.V. & Abraham, I., 38-68. United States of America: Indiana University Press.
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Sugiharto, S.T. (2001). Meningkatkan Proses Persepsi. Yogyakarta: Andi
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Tagliacozzo, Eric. (2002). Smuggling In Southeast Asia History and its Contemporary Vectors in an Unbounded Region. Critical Asian Studies, 34 (2), 193-220.
Tuan Stia Hj Tuan Sulong. (2004). Penandaan dan Pengukuran Sempadan. Retrieved from https://www.instun.gov.my/index.php/en/docman/pangkalan-ilmu-1/artikel-1/ukur-dan-pemetaan-1/27-pengukuran-sempadan-negeri-dan-antarabangsa-1/file
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Wilson, T.M. & Donnan, H. (1998). Nation, State and Identity at International Border. In Border Identities: Nation and State at International Frontiers, edited by Wilson, T.M & Donnan, H., 1-30. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
Yusten Karulus. ( 2009). Komuniti Sempadan dan Persoalan Keselamatan: Kajian Kes di Ba’kelalan. Master Thesis, Sekolah Sains Sosial, Universiti Malaysia Sabah.
Abraham, I. & Schendel, W.V. (2005). Introduction: The making of Illicitness. In Illicit Flows and Criminal Things: State, Borders and the Other Side of Globalization, edited by Schandel, W.V. & Abraham, I., 1-37. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Baud, M. & Schendel, W.V. (1997). Towards a Comparative History of Borderlands. Journal of World History, Vol 8 (2), 211-242.
Chemalin Anak Osup. (2006). Leka Main: Puisi Rakyat Iban-Satu Analisis Bentuk dan Fungsi. Phd Thesis, Pusat Pengajian Ilmu Kemanusiaan, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Georgetown, Pulau Pinang.
Clement, N. (2004). Economic Forces Shaping the Borderlands. In Challenged Borderlands: Transcending Political and Cultural Boundaries, edited by Kochi, V.P., Morehouse, B.J. & Walter, D.W, 41-61. England: Ashgate Publishing.
Elyta. (2017). Perdagangan Gula Illegal di Wilayah Perbatasan Entikong Indonesia dan Malaysia. Sosiohumaniora, Vol 19 (1), 59-63.
Ering, Simon Odey. (2011). Trans-Border Crime and its Socio-Economic Impact on Developing Economics. Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology, Vol 2 (2), 73-80.
Fatma Muthia Kinanti. (2013). Penyelundupan Ikan di Wilayah Perbatasan Kalimantan Barat-Sarawak Sebagai Bentuk Transnational Crime dan Kaitannya dengan Perjanjian Kerjasama Pengelolaan Perbatasan Indonesia dan Malaysia. Master Thesis, Fakultas Hukum, Universiti Tanjungpura, Pontianak.
Fauzi Hussin, Norehan Abdullah & Hussin Abdullah. (2013). Aktiviti Ekonomi Sempadan di Perairan Sg. Golok-Rantau Panjang: Isu dan cabaran. Prosiding Perkem Viii, Jilid 1: 235 – 245.
Flynn, Donna K. (1997). “We are the Border”: Identity, Exchange, and the State Along the Benin-Nigeria Border. American Ethnologist, Vol 24 (2), 311-330.
Habibah, A., Hamzah J., Choy, E.A., Sivapalan, S., Nur Farahin, Z., Mohd Kamarulnizam, A. & Sri Winarni, S. (2014). Mengurus Pelancongan Sempadan Malaysia-Thailand: Kesepaduan Atau Konflik. Malaysia Journal of Society and Space, 10 Issues 8, 65-71.
International Organization for Migration. (2017). Border Security: Communities’ Integration and Perception: Diffa and Zinder Regions. Retrieved from https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/border_security_en.pdf.
J.Dwi Narwoko & Bagong Suyanto. (2010). Sosiologi: Teks Penghantar & Terapan. Jakarta: Kencana.
Jha, O.S. (2009). Community Participation in Border Management: Challenges and Options. Journal of Defence Studies, Vol 3(3).
Kendawang, Joseph Jawa, Tanaka. Sota, Soda. Ryoji, Seman. Logie, Mohd Effendi Wasli & Sakurai. Katsutoshi. (2005). Difference of Rice Farming Practices of the Iban in A National Boundry Area in Borneo and its Socio-Economic Background. TROPICS, Vol 14 (4), 295-307.
Mohd Yusof Abdullah, Suhana Saad, Junaenah Sulehan, Noor Rahamah Abu Bakar, Abd. Hair Awang & Ong Puay Liu. (2016). Memahami Kesepaduan Sosial di Sempadan Menerusi Lensa Komunikasi. Jurnal Komunikasi, Jilid 32 (1), 455- 467.
Mutia, A., Bakran, S. & Nurfitri, N. (2014). Kerjasama Sosial dan Ekonomi Malaysia-Indonesia (SOKSEKMALINDO): Studi Kasus Pengembangan Kawasan Pariwisata di Kabupaten Sambas. Jurnal Tesis PMIS-UNTAN-PSIP.
Noor Rahamah Abu Bakar, Mohd.Yusof Abdullah, Abd. Hair Awang, Junaenah Sulehan, Ong Puay Liu. (2012). Kesejahteraan Bersama Melalui Hubungan Dagangan dan Sosial di Sempadan Kalimantan Barat dan Serikin, Sarawak. Malaysia Journal of Society and Space, 8, 91-95.
Novianti. (2012). Kedudukan Pemerintah Daerah dalam Pelaksanaan Kerjasama Internasional: Studi Terhadap Perjanjian Kerjasama SOSEK-MALINDO. Negara Hukum, Vol 3 (2), 181-200
Ojo, Matthias Olufemi Dada. (2015). Risks and Social Repercussions Inherent in Smuggling: A Sociological Investigation of Badagry-Seme and Owode-Idiroko International Border Communities in Nigeria. American Journal of Economics, Finance and Management, Vol 1(2), 43-62.
Oladeji, Mathew Olaniyi. (2010). Perception of Smuggling Among the Yoruba People of Oke-Ogun of South Western Nigeria. Internet Journal of Criminology. Retrieved from https://www.internetjournalofcriminology.com/.
Ong Puay Liu , Junaenah,S., Noor Rahamah Abu Bakar, Abd Hair Awang & Mohd Yusof Hj Abdullah. (2012). ‘Pasaraya’ di Persempadanan: Ruang Untuk Kedinamisan Identiti dan Hubungan. In Tantangan dan Prospek Perbatasan Indonesia-Malaysia, edited by TB. Massa Dja’far, Khairul Fuad & Junaenah Sulehan, 25-40. Jakarta: UNAS PRESS.
Ramli Dollah, Marsitah Mohd Radzi, Wan Shawaluddin Wan Hassan & Amrullah Maraining. (2015). Elemen Fizikal dan Bukan Fizikal dalam Pembentukan Identiti Komuniti Sempadan Di Pantai Timur Sabah, Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 11 (7), 9-20.
Ramli Dollah & Ahmad Mosfi Mohamad. (2007). Perdagangan Tukar Barang Malaysia-Indonesia: Potensi dan Cabaran. Jati, Vol. 12, 83-106.
Saru Ariffin, SH & LL.M. (2012). Trans Border Cooperation Between Indonesia Malaysia and its Implication to the Border Development. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, Vol 1, 85-90.
Schendel, W.V. (2005). Spaces of Engagement: How Borderlands, Illicit Flows and Territorial States Interlock. In Illicit Flows and Criminal Things: State, Borders and the Other Side of Globalization, edited by Schendel, W.V. & Abraham, I., 38-68. United States of America: Indiana University Press.
Simala, K.I. & Amutabi, M. (2005). Small Arms, Cattle Raiding and Borderlands: The Ilemi Triangle. In Illicit Flows and Criminal Things: State, Borders and the Other, edited by Schendel, W.V. & Abraham, I., 201-226. United States of America: Indiana University Press.
Sugiharto, S.T. (2001). Meningkatkan Proses Persepsi. Yogyakarta: Andi
Sugiyono. (2016). Metode Penelitian dan Pengembangan. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Tagliacozzo, Eric. (2002). Smuggling In Southeast Asia History and its Contemporary Vectors in an Unbounded Region. Critical Asian Studies, 34 (2), 193-220.
Tuan Stia Hj Tuan Sulong. (2004). Penandaan dan Pengukuran Sempadan. Retrieved from https://www.instun.gov.my/index.php/en/docman/pangkalan-ilmu-1/artikel-1/ukur-dan-pemetaan-1/27-pengukuran-sempadan-negeri-dan-antarabangsa-1/file
Weber, Annette. (2012). Boundaries with Issue: Soft Border Management as a Solution?. Retrieved from https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/iez/08869.pdf .
Wilson, T.M. & Donnan, H. (1998). Nation, State and Identity at International Border. In Border Identities: Nation and State at International Frontiers, edited by Wilson, T.M & Donnan, H., 1-30. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
Yusten Karulus. ( 2009). Komuniti Sempadan dan Persoalan Keselamatan: Kajian Kes di Ba’kelalan. Master Thesis, Sekolah Sains Sosial, Universiti Malaysia Sabah.
Published
2019-10-22
How to Cite
Gek Hsia, J. T. (2019) “Sejarah Perdagangan dan Kekeluargaan dalam Menjadi Penerus Kepada Penyeludupan Barangan dalam kalangan Komuniti Sempadan di Kalimantan Barat dan Sarawak: Kajian Kes Sempadan Lubok Antu-Badau”, Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 4(6), pp. 45 - 55. doi: 10.47405/mjssh.v4i6.277.
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