Pertumbuhan dan Taburan Spatial Penduduk Bukan Warganegara di Malaysia
Abstract
Malaysia merupakan salah sebuah negara yang sedang membangun dan berkembang dengan pesat sejak pelaksanaan pelbagai dasar ekonomi dalam tempoh 1991 hingga 2020. Kini kadar pertumbuhan ekonomi adalah sebanyak 8.7 peratus pada tahun 2022. Seiring dengan kemajuan dan pertumbuhan pesat ekonomi negara, komposisi penduduk bukan warganegara di Malaysia semakin meningkat dengan ketara bermula dengan 4.3 peratus (751,113 orang) daripada jumlah penduduk negara pada tahun 1991 kepada 8.3 peratus (2,691,070 orang) pada tahun 2020. Kemasukan penduduk bukan warga negara memberi implikasi yang positif dan negatif dalam mengimbangi keperluan sektor ekonomi khususnya tenaga kerja kepada negara. Berdasarkan analisis statistik spatial menggunakan data Banci Penduduk dan Perumahan Malaysia 1991-2020, taburan spatial secara berkelompok dengan nilai z yang meningkat dapat diperhatikan sepanjang tempoh tersebut. Kajian juga menunjukkan komposisi penduduk BWN tertumpu di negeri Sabah, Selangor dan Johor manakala di peringkat strata peningkatan berterusan dapat diperhatikan di negeri yang mempunyai tahap perbandaran yang tinggi. Penggunaan aplikasi dan data spatial di pelbagai peringkat geografi diharapkan dapat menjadi input tambahan kepada perancangan pembangunan sosial negara terutama dalam aspek keselamatan dan pembangunan fizikal khususnya di peringkat daerah dan strata.
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