Analisis Konseptual Pemilihan Topik Sembang Santai dalam Budaya Berbeza
Abstract
Kertas konsep ini akan membincangkan tentang pemilihan topik dan topik tabu dalam komunikasi sembang santai merentas budaya berbeza. Sembang santai atau small talk merupakan satu bentuk komunikasi yang tidak memfokuskan kepada inti pati perbualan dan tidak bertujuan untuk menyampaikan maklumat. Sebaliknya, ia berfungsi untuk mengeratkan hubungan sosial dan meningkatkan kemesraan antara dua pihak yang berinteraksi. Pemilihan topik sembang santai dalam konteks budaya yang pelbagai yang difahami dengan baik adalah penting untuk melancarkan proses komunikasi tanpa berlakunya perlanggaran norma etika, salah faham dan dapat memupuk komunikasi silang budaya yang berjaya. Perbincangan tentang sembang santai dalam kertas konsep ini adalah berlandaskan beberapa teori seperti Teori Komunikasi Fatik Malinowski (1923) yang menyatakan setiap ungkapan yang dituturkan tanpa penyampaian sebarang maklumat, dan dituturkan semata-mata untuk bersosial dianggap sebagai sembang santai. Manakala perbincangan tentang pemilihan topik sembang santai pula berdasarkan Teori Topik Standard Aitchison (1996) yang menjelaskan sembang santai lazimnya berunsurkan topik-topik standard yang tidak sensitif. Pengkategorian topik sembang santai pula akan dibincangkan melalui Model Bulatan Sepusat Pemilihan Topik Sembang Santai Schneider (1987) yang mengemukakan tiga kategori topik sembang santai iaitu situasi spontan, situasi luaran dan situasi komunikasi. Selain faktor budaya, kajian ini juga mendapati faktor kontekstual, jarak sosial dan latar belakang sosial turut mempengaruhi pemilihan topik sembang santai dan topik tabu. Secara keseluruhan, topik sembang santai dan topik tabu dalam budaya berbeza mempunyai persamaan dan perbezaan dan sangat berkait rapat dan berakar umbi dalam norma dan nilai budaya sesuatu masyarakat.
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