Interaksi Kepimpinan Perkongsian Mentor Melalui Motivasi Kerja Guru
Keywords:
motivasi kerja guru, kepimpinan perkongsian, tekanan kerja guru
Abstract
Kertas konsep ini membincangkan interaksi gaya kepimpinan perkongsian ‘mentor’ terhadap tekanan kerja guru melalui motivasi kerja guru sekolah rendah di Sabah. Dalam proses mencapai matlamat untuk meningkatkan pencapaian murid, perkembangan dan pengukuhan kualiti guru perlu diberikan perhatian yang lebih lagi terutamanya motivasi dan pengurusan tekanan kerja di sekolah. Guru-guru juga memerlukan bantuan atau bimbingan daripada ‘mentor’ iaitu pegawai SISC+ untuk menjalankan pengajaran yang berkesan. Melalui bimbingan mentor tersebut, kualiti pendidikan yang lebih baik dapat dipelajari oleh murid-murid di sekolah rendah. Kepimpinan perkongsian terbentuk daripada faktor berorientasikan tugas seperti perancangan dan pengurusan serta penyelesaian masalah, dan faktor berorientasikan hubungan seperti sokongan dan pertimbangan serta pembangunan dan pementoran. Kepimpinan perkongsian semakin berkembang dan digunakan di dalam organisasi sebagai struktur berasaskan pasukan menggantikan struktur hierarki. Maka, motivasi kerja akan merangsang individu untuk mengambil tindakan tertentu untuk mendorong pekerja mencapai hasil yang berkesan. Motivasi bermula daripada keperluan, matlamat yang ingin dicapai dan haruslah mempunyai pertimbangan dan guru yang bermotivasi sentiasa berada dalam suatu ketegangan. Bagi mengurangkan tekanan ini, mereka harus lebih berusaha. Tekanan kerja adalah pengalaman yang berkait rapat dengan emosi guru tersebut terutamanya perasaan negatif dan berkaitan dengan kerja guru. Justeru itu, apabila guru boleh mengawal tekanan mereka, maka proses pengajaran dan pembelajarannya akan berjalan dengan lancar dan berkesan dalam mencapai matlamat yang telah ditetapkan oleh Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.
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References
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Anastasiou, S., & Papakonstantiou, G. (2014). Factors affecting job satisfaction, stress and work performance of secondary education teachers in Epirus, NW Greece. International Journal of Management in Education, 8(1), 37-53.
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Bennis, W. & Nanus. (1985). Leaders: The Strategies for Taking Charge. New York: Harper and Row.
Boyle, T. P. (2014). High school teachers’ and administrators’ perceptions of teacher motivation factors. Kennesaw, Georgia: Kennesaw State University.
Chiu, C. C., Owens, B. P., & Tesluk, P. E. (2016). Initiating and utilizing shared leadership in teams: The role of leader humility, team proactive personality, and team performance capability. Journal of Applied Psychology, 101, 1705-1720.
Coleman, M. & Earley, P. (2004). Leadership and Management in Education. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
Dana L. Haggard, Thomas W. Dougherty, Daniel B. Turban, James E. Wilbanks. (2011). Who Is a Mentor? A Review of Evolving Definitions and Implications for Research. Journal of Management, 37(1), 280-304.
Eyal, O., & Roth, G. (2011). Principals’ leadership and teachers’ motivation: Self-determination theory analysis. Journal of Educational Administration, 49(3), 256-275.
Fadzly Izab. (20 Jun, 2015). Utusan Online. Muat turun daripada m.utusan.com.my: http://m.utusan.com.my/berita/nasional/sisc-bantu-lahir-guru-berkemahiran-tinggi-murid-kreatif-1.104986
Fatimah Saleh, Khairudin Puat. (2008). Ketirisan Waktu Pengajaran Guru Di Sekolah. Pengurusan & Pentadbiran, 8(1), 65-75.
Forret, M., & de Janasz, S.C. (2005). Perceptions of an organization’s culture for work and family: Do mentors make a difference?Career Development International, 10(6/7), 478-492.
Hallinger,P. (2011). A Review of Three Decades of Doctoral Studies Using the Principal Instructional Management Rating Scale: A Lens on Methodological Progress in Educational Leadership. Educational Administration Quarterly, 47(2), 271–306.
Hidayat, S. (2016). The Authentic Leadership Is Source Of Intrinsic Motivation In Work Engagement With Moderating Role Of Overall Trust (Cognitive And Affective Trust). International Research Journal of Management Sciences, 4(3), 195-201. Retrieved from http://www.irjmsjournal.com
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Ibrahim Jari, Chua Yan Piaw. (2017). Pengaruh Perilaku Kepimpinan Pengetua Ke Atas Tekanan Kerja Guru Sekolah Menengah Di Melaka. Educational Leader (Pemimpin Pendidikan), 5, 5: 59-74.
Kamaruzaman Kamaruddin. (2007). Tekanan Kerja Dalam Kalangan Guru Sekolah Menengah. Jurnal Kemanusian, 5(2), 104-118.
Kathi J. Lovelace, Charles C. Manz, Jose C. Alves. (2007). Work Stress and Leadership Development: The Role of Self-leadership, Shared Leadership, Physical Fitness and Flow in Managing Demands and Increasing Job Control. Human Resource Management Review, 17, 374-387.
Mazlina Bt. Sulaiman. (2014). Hubungan Tekanan Dengan Komitmen Dan Kepuasan Kerja Dalam Kalangan Guru Program Pendidikan Khas Integrasi Bermasalah Pembelajaran Di Empat Buah Sekolah Rendah Daerah Pontian. Skudai. Johor: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Mehta, R., Dubinsky, A. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2003). Leadership style, motivation and performance in international marketing channels. European Journal of Marketing, 37(4), 50-85.
Miao, C. Fred & Kenneth R. Evans. (2007). The Impact of Salesperson Motivation on Role Perceptions and Job Performance- A Cognitive and Affective Perspective. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 27, 89-101.
Michael D. Kocolowski. (2010). Shared Leadership : Is it Time for a Change? Emerging Leadership Journeys, 3(1), 22-32.
Mohd. Zaki Bin Ahmad. (2009). Motivasi Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Sekolah Menengah Agama. Kuala Lumpur: Universiti Malaya.
Ooi Chew Hong, Aziah Ismail. (2015). Sokongan Pihak Pengurusan Sekolah Terhadap Tekanan Kerja Guru Di Sekolah Kebangsaan dan Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Cina. Jurnal Kepimpinan Pendidikan, 2(2), 42-57.
Orpen, C. (1997). The Effects of Formal Mentoring On Employee Work Motivation, Organizational Commitment and Job Performance. The Learning Organization, 4(2), 53-60.
O'Toole, J. (2001). When leadership is an organizational trait. In G. M. W.Bennis, The Future of Leadership (pp. 158-176). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Pearce, C. L., & Conger, J. A. (2003). Shared Leadership: Reframing the hows and whys of leadership. Thousand Oaks: C.A: Sage.
Pearce, C. L., Yoo, Y., & Alavi, M. (2004). Leadership, social work and virtual teams: The relative influence of vertical vs. shared leadership in the nonprofit sector. In R. R.-O. (Eds.), Nonprofit leadership (pp. 180-203). San Francisco: Jossey Bass.
Raedah Binti Md. Amin. (2013). Pengurusan Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Sekolah Rendah Kebangsaan Di Zon Bandar Daerah Kota TInggi. Johor Bahru: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Raja Maria Diana Bt. Raja Ali. (2011). Faktor-faktor yang Mendorong Tekanan Kerja (Stres) di Kalangan Guru-Guru Sekolah Menengah di Daerah Pasir Putih. Kuala Lumpur: Open Universiti Malaysia.
Raja Nor Safinas, Lim Bee Yoke. (7 Jun, 2017). Teachers must embrace lifelong learning. Retrieved from New Straits Times: https://www.nst.com.my/education/2017/06/246592/teachers-must-embrace-lifelong-learning
Rasheed, M. I., Aslam, H. D., & Sarwar, S. (2010). Motivational issues for teachers in higher education: A critical case of IUB. Journal of Management Research, 2(2), 1-24.
Riaz,A. (2010). Role of transformational and transactional leadership on job satisfaction and career satisfaction. Business and Economic Horizons (BEH), 1(1), 29-38.
Ronald Lindahl. (2008). Shared Leadership: Can It Work in School? The Educational Forum, 72, 298-307.
Russ Travis L. (2010). An Exploratory Study of And Experiential Change Program's Impact on Participants' Affective Outcomes. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 32(5), 493-509.
Sapora Sipon. (2007). Keberkesanan Kaunseling Kelompok Pemusatan Insan, Rasional EMotif TIngkah Laku dan Psikologi Kognitif ad-Din ke atas Tahap Tekanan, Kepuasan Kerja, Strategi Berdaya TIndak dan Sokongan Sosial Guru. Bangi: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Shalini M. Sinniah & Mohd. Jasmy Abd. Rahman. (2018). Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Stres Di Kalangan Guru. Prosiding Seminar Kebangsaan Majlis Dekan Pendidikan Universiti Awam (pp. 1055-1064). Kuala Terengganu: Universti Sultan Zainal Abidin.
Shamir, B., & Lapidot, Y. (2003). Shared leadership in the management of group boundaries: A study of expulsions from officers' training courses. In C. L. (Eds.), Shared leadership: Reframing the hows and whys of leadership (pp. 235-249). Thousand Oaks: C.A: Sage.
Sinéad Brennan. (2016). Leadership Development through a Constructive Developmental Lens. Dublin, Ireland: Dublin City University .
Syarifah Hanum Binti Ali, Arsiah Binti Bahron. (2013). Is Motivation a Mediating Factor Between Job Design and Job Performance. Asian Academy of Applied Business & Universiti Malaysia Sabah (pp. 1-11). Bandung: AAAB.
Tan Sri Dato' Hj Muhyiddin. (2015). Perutusan tahun baharu 2015. Muat turun daripada http://www.moe.gov.my: http://www.moe.gov.my/cms/upload_files/articlefile/2015/articlefile_file_003752.pdf
Wood, M. (2005). Determinants of Shared Leadership in Management Teams. International Journal of Leadership Studies, 1(1), 64-85.
Yukl, G.A. (2006). Leadership in Organizations (6th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson/ Prentice Hall.
Zamani, A., & Talatapeh, M. B. B. (2014). Discussion of the motivation in the islamic and non-islamic worlds. Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences, 4(4), 68–73.
Zarapi Bin Mat Yacob, Zuraidah Abdullah. (2015). Kesan Gaya Kepimpinan Pengetua Wanita Terhadap Tahap Stres Guru. Pendidikan (The Educational Leader), 3, 123-137.
Anastasiou, S., & Papakonstantiou, G. (2014). Factors affecting job satisfaction, stress and work performance of secondary education teachers in Epirus, NW Greece. International Journal of Management in Education, 8(1), 37-53.
Anis Salwa Abdullah, Siti Noor Ismail. (2018). Interaksi Kepimpinan Perkongsian dan Kepimpinan Sahih Guru Besar Terhadap Motivasi dan Tekanan Kerja Guru. Jurnal Kepimpinan Pendidikan, 5(1), 16-32.
Avolio, B.J., Walumbwa, F.O., & Weber, T.J. (2009). Leadership: Current theories, research, and future directions. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 421-449.
Bambang Kristianto Wibowo, Dosen Tetap ASM Santa Maria. (2013). Pengaruh Komunikasi Internal, Motivasi Kerja Dan Loyalitas Terhadap Kinerja Guru Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Negeri Rumpun Bisnis Sekota Semarang. Jurnal STIE Semarang, 5(2), 36-47.
Bennis, W. & Nanus. (1985). Leaders: The Strategies for Taking Charge. New York: Harper and Row.
Boyle, T. P. (2014). High school teachers’ and administrators’ perceptions of teacher motivation factors. Kennesaw, Georgia: Kennesaw State University.
Chiu, C. C., Owens, B. P., & Tesluk, P. E. (2016). Initiating and utilizing shared leadership in teams: The role of leader humility, team proactive personality, and team performance capability. Journal of Applied Psychology, 101, 1705-1720.
Coleman, M. & Earley, P. (2004). Leadership and Management in Education. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
Dana L. Haggard, Thomas W. Dougherty, Daniel B. Turban, James E. Wilbanks. (2011). Who Is a Mentor? A Review of Evolving Definitions and Implications for Research. Journal of Management, 37(1), 280-304.
Eyal, O., & Roth, G. (2011). Principals’ leadership and teachers’ motivation: Self-determination theory analysis. Journal of Educational Administration, 49(3), 256-275.
Fadzly Izab. (20 Jun, 2015). Utusan Online. Muat turun daripada m.utusan.com.my: http://m.utusan.com.my/berita/nasional/sisc-bantu-lahir-guru-berkemahiran-tinggi-murid-kreatif-1.104986
Fatimah Saleh, Khairudin Puat. (2008). Ketirisan Waktu Pengajaran Guru Di Sekolah. Pengurusan & Pentadbiran, 8(1), 65-75.
Forret, M., & de Janasz, S.C. (2005). Perceptions of an organization’s culture for work and family: Do mentors make a difference?Career Development International, 10(6/7), 478-492.
Hallinger,P. (2011). A Review of Three Decades of Doctoral Studies Using the Principal Instructional Management Rating Scale: A Lens on Methodological Progress in Educational Leadership. Educational Administration Quarterly, 47(2), 271–306.
Hidayat, S. (2016). The Authentic Leadership Is Source Of Intrinsic Motivation In Work Engagement With Moderating Role Of Overall Trust (Cognitive And Affective Trust). International Research Journal of Management Sciences, 4(3), 195-201. Retrieved from http://www.irjmsjournal.com
Hooker, C., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2003). Flow, creativity, and shared leadership: Rethinking the motivation and structuring of knowledge work. In C. P. (Eds.), Shared leadership: Reframing the hows and whys of leadership (pp. 217-234). Thousand Oaks: C.A : Sage Publications.
Ibrahim Jari, Chua Yan Piaw. (2017). Pengaruh Perilaku Kepimpinan Pengetua Ke Atas Tekanan Kerja Guru Sekolah Menengah Di Melaka. Educational Leader (Pemimpin Pendidikan), 5, 5: 59-74.
Kamaruzaman Kamaruddin. (2007). Tekanan Kerja Dalam Kalangan Guru Sekolah Menengah. Jurnal Kemanusian, 5(2), 104-118.
Kathi J. Lovelace, Charles C. Manz, Jose C. Alves. (2007). Work Stress and Leadership Development: The Role of Self-leadership, Shared Leadership, Physical Fitness and Flow in Managing Demands and Increasing Job Control. Human Resource Management Review, 17, 374-387.
Mazlina Bt. Sulaiman. (2014). Hubungan Tekanan Dengan Komitmen Dan Kepuasan Kerja Dalam Kalangan Guru Program Pendidikan Khas Integrasi Bermasalah Pembelajaran Di Empat Buah Sekolah Rendah Daerah Pontian. Skudai. Johor: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Mehta, R., Dubinsky, A. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2003). Leadership style, motivation and performance in international marketing channels. European Journal of Marketing, 37(4), 50-85.
Miao, C. Fred & Kenneth R. Evans. (2007). The Impact of Salesperson Motivation on Role Perceptions and Job Performance- A Cognitive and Affective Perspective. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 27, 89-101.
Michael D. Kocolowski. (2010). Shared Leadership : Is it Time for a Change? Emerging Leadership Journeys, 3(1), 22-32.
Mohd. Zaki Bin Ahmad. (2009). Motivasi Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Sekolah Menengah Agama. Kuala Lumpur: Universiti Malaya.
Ooi Chew Hong, Aziah Ismail. (2015). Sokongan Pihak Pengurusan Sekolah Terhadap Tekanan Kerja Guru Di Sekolah Kebangsaan dan Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Cina. Jurnal Kepimpinan Pendidikan, 2(2), 42-57.
Orpen, C. (1997). The Effects of Formal Mentoring On Employee Work Motivation, Organizational Commitment and Job Performance. The Learning Organization, 4(2), 53-60.
O'Toole, J. (2001). When leadership is an organizational trait. In G. M. W.Bennis, The Future of Leadership (pp. 158-176). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Pearce, C. L., & Conger, J. A. (2003). Shared Leadership: Reframing the hows and whys of leadership. Thousand Oaks: C.A: Sage.
Pearce, C. L., Yoo, Y., & Alavi, M. (2004). Leadership, social work and virtual teams: The relative influence of vertical vs. shared leadership in the nonprofit sector. In R. R.-O. (Eds.), Nonprofit leadership (pp. 180-203). San Francisco: Jossey Bass.
Raedah Binti Md. Amin. (2013). Pengurusan Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Sekolah Rendah Kebangsaan Di Zon Bandar Daerah Kota TInggi. Johor Bahru: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Raja Maria Diana Bt. Raja Ali. (2011). Faktor-faktor yang Mendorong Tekanan Kerja (Stres) di Kalangan Guru-Guru Sekolah Menengah di Daerah Pasir Putih. Kuala Lumpur: Open Universiti Malaysia.
Raja Nor Safinas, Lim Bee Yoke. (7 Jun, 2017). Teachers must embrace lifelong learning. Retrieved from New Straits Times: https://www.nst.com.my/education/2017/06/246592/teachers-must-embrace-lifelong-learning
Rasheed, M. I., Aslam, H. D., & Sarwar, S. (2010). Motivational issues for teachers in higher education: A critical case of IUB. Journal of Management Research, 2(2), 1-24.
Riaz,A. (2010). Role of transformational and transactional leadership on job satisfaction and career satisfaction. Business and Economic Horizons (BEH), 1(1), 29-38.
Ronald Lindahl. (2008). Shared Leadership: Can It Work in School? The Educational Forum, 72, 298-307.
Russ Travis L. (2010). An Exploratory Study of And Experiential Change Program's Impact on Participants' Affective Outcomes. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 32(5), 493-509.
Sapora Sipon. (2007). Keberkesanan Kaunseling Kelompok Pemusatan Insan, Rasional EMotif TIngkah Laku dan Psikologi Kognitif ad-Din ke atas Tahap Tekanan, Kepuasan Kerja, Strategi Berdaya TIndak dan Sokongan Sosial Guru. Bangi: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Shalini M. Sinniah & Mohd. Jasmy Abd. Rahman. (2018). Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Stres Di Kalangan Guru. Prosiding Seminar Kebangsaan Majlis Dekan Pendidikan Universiti Awam (pp. 1055-1064). Kuala Terengganu: Universti Sultan Zainal Abidin.
Shamir, B., & Lapidot, Y. (2003). Shared leadership in the management of group boundaries: A study of expulsions from officers' training courses. In C. L. (Eds.), Shared leadership: Reframing the hows and whys of leadership (pp. 235-249). Thousand Oaks: C.A: Sage.
Sinéad Brennan. (2016). Leadership Development through a Constructive Developmental Lens. Dublin, Ireland: Dublin City University .
Syarifah Hanum Binti Ali, Arsiah Binti Bahron. (2013). Is Motivation a Mediating Factor Between Job Design and Job Performance. Asian Academy of Applied Business & Universiti Malaysia Sabah (pp. 1-11). Bandung: AAAB.
Tan Sri Dato' Hj Muhyiddin. (2015). Perutusan tahun baharu 2015. Muat turun daripada http://www.moe.gov.my: http://www.moe.gov.my/cms/upload_files/articlefile/2015/articlefile_file_003752.pdf
Wood, M. (2005). Determinants of Shared Leadership in Management Teams. International Journal of Leadership Studies, 1(1), 64-85.
Yukl, G.A. (2006). Leadership in Organizations (6th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson/ Prentice Hall.
Zamani, A., & Talatapeh, M. B. B. (2014). Discussion of the motivation in the islamic and non-islamic worlds. Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences, 4(4), 68–73.
Zarapi Bin Mat Yacob, Zuraidah Abdullah. (2015). Kesan Gaya Kepimpinan Pengetua Wanita Terhadap Tahap Stres Guru. Pendidikan (The Educational Leader), 3, 123-137.
Published
2019-11-24
How to Cite
Lonsiong, D. U. and Ag Kiflee@Dzulkifli, D. N. (2019) “Interaksi Kepimpinan Perkongsian Mentor Melalui Motivasi Kerja Guru”, Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 4(7), pp. 68 - 76. doi: 10.47405/mjssh.v4i7.306.
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