Merapatkan Jurang Digital: Kajian Kesediaan Pelajar Asnaf dan B40 dalam Era Pendidikan Digital
Abstract
Kajian ini meneliti faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kesediaan digital dalam kalangan pelajar miskin (Asnaf dan B40) di Kedah, dengan tumpuan terhadap pembelajaran secara dalam talian semasa pandemik COVID-19. Tujuan utamanya adalah untuk menilai tahap kesediaan pelajar menghadapi transformasi pendidikan digital dengan menganalisis hubungan antara akses peranti, pengetahuan teknologi, motivasi dan infrastruktur digital. Menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, data dikumpulkan melalui soal selidik ke atas 108 pelajar yang menerima bantuan peranti digital sama ada melalui program zakat atau bukan zakat. Analisis regresi berganda menunjukkan bahawa akses kepada peranti digital (β=0.278, p<0.01) dan infrastruktur internet yang stabil (β=0.213, p<0.01) merupakan peramal signifikan terhadap kesediaan digital. Selain itu, pengetahuan teknologi (koefisien = 0.142, p < 0.05) dan motivasi (koefisien = 0.248, p < 0.01) turut memainkan peranan penting dalam meningkatkan kesediaan pelajar untuk terlibat dalam pembelajaran dalam talian. Namun, faktor demografi seperti jantina, umur dan lokasi geografi tidak menunjukkan kesan yang signifikan. Dapatan kajian menegaskan kepentingan penyediaan infrastruktur teknologi yang mencukupi dan peningkatan literasi digital dalam kalangan pelajar miskin untuk memastikan kesaksamaan akses pendidikan. Kajian ini juga mengesyorkan agar kerajaan dan sektor swasta memperkukuhkan capaian teknologi, memantapkan kemahiran digital dalam kalangan pelajar dan merancang strategi pembelajaran berasaskan motivasi pelajar. Dengan langkah-langkah ini, pembelajaran digital dapat menjadi lebih inklusif dan berkesan, seterusnya mengurangkan jurang pendidikan antara pelajar daripada latar belakang sosioekonomi yang berbeza. Kajian ini memberikan sumbangan penting dalam memahami cabaran yang dihadapi oleh pelajar miskin dalam era digital dan menawarkan cadangan praktikal untuk meningkatkan kesediaan mereka dalam pembelajaran secara dalam talian.
Downloads
References
Abdi, H., & Williams, L. J. (2010). Principal component analysis. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Statistics, 2(4), 433–459.
Bojovic, R., et al. (2020). Education in times of crisis: Effective teaching and learning strategies during COVID-19. Educational Review, 72(5), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2020.1812549
Briliannur, D., Amelia, A., Hasanah, U., Putra, A. M., & Rahman, H. (2020). Analisis keefektifan pembelajaran online di masa pandemik COVID-19. Mahaguru: Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar, 1(1), 28-37.
Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. SAGE Publications.
Cundell, A. & Sheepy, E. (2018). Student perceptions of the most effective and engaging online learning activities in a blended graduate seminar. Online Learning, 22(3), 87-102. doi:10.24059/olj.v22i3.1467.
Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319-340. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008
Dearing, J. W. (2007). Diffusion of innovations (4th ed.). Sage Publications.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Springer.
Devisakti, A., Muftahu, M., & Xiaoling, H. (2024). Digital divide among B40 students in Malaysian higher education institutions. Education and Information Technologies, 29, 1857–1883. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11847-w
Dhawan, S. (2020). Online learning: A panacea in the time of COVID-19 crisis. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 49(1), 5–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047239520934018
Dichev, C., & Dicheva, D. (2017). Gamifying education: What is known, what is believed and what remains uncertain: A critical review. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 14(1), 1-36. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-017-0042-5
Dwivedi, Y. K., Hughes, D. L., Coombs, C., Constantiou, I., Duan, Y., Edwards, J. S., Gupta, B., Lal, B., Misra, S., Prashant, P., Raman, R., Rana, N. P., Sharma, S. K., & Upadhyay, N. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on information management research and practice: Transforming education, work, and life. International Journal of Information Management, 55, 102211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102211
Fauzi Husin, Jamal Ali, & Mohd Saifoul Zamzuri Noor. (2014). Kaedah penyelidikan & analisis data SPSS. UUMPress.
Gujarati, D. N., & Porter, D. C. (2009). Basic econometrics (5th ed.). McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate data analysis (8th ed.). Pearson.
Hargittai, E. (2002). Second-level digital divide: Differences in people’s online skills. First Monday, 7(4). https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v7i4.942
Hattie, J., & Timperley, H. (2007). The power of feedback. Review of Educational Research, 77(1), 81-112. https://doi.org/10.3102/003465430298487
Hilbert, M. (2011). Digital gender divide or technologically empowered women in developing countries? A typical case of lies, damned lies, and statistics. Women’s Studies International Forum, 34(6), 479-489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2011.07.001
Hung, M. L., Chou, C., Chen, C. H., & Own, Z. Y. (2010). Learner readiness for online learning: Scale development and student perceptions. Computers & Education, 55(3), 1080-1090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2010.05.004
Ishak, A. A., & Talaat, A. Z. M. (2020). Pembelajaran atas talian: Tinjauan terhadap kesediaan dan motivasi dalam kalangan pelajar diploma logistik dan pengurusan rantaian bekalan, Politeknik Seberang Perai, Pulau Pinang. Jurnal Dunia Pendidikan, 2(4), 68-82. https://myjms.mohe.gov.my/index.php/jdpd
Law, S. H., Melor Md Yunus, & Harwati Hashim (2021). Strategy to Improve English Vocabulary Achievement during Covid-19 Epidemic. Does Quizizz Help?. Journal of Education and e-Learning Research, 8(2), 135-142.
Krause, U., Budke, A., & Maier, V. (2021). Understanding of developing and setting tasks in geography lessons by German and Dutch student teachers. Education Sciences, 11(2), 63. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11020063
Kementerian Pendidikan Tinggi. (2011). Pelan strategik pengajian tinggi Malaysia 2011-2025. Kementerian Pendidikan Tinggi Malaysia.
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (KPM). (2020). Laporan tahunan 2020. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.
Kim, S., Song, K., Lockee, B., & Burton, J. (2018). Gamification in learning and education: Enjoy learning like gaming. Springer.
Lind, D. A., Marchal, W. G., & Wathen, S. A. (2019). Basic statistics for business & economics (9th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Lu, J., Yu, C.-S., & Liu, C. (2003). Learning style, learning patterns, and learning performance in a WebCT-based MIS course. Information & Management, 40(6), 497-507. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7206(02)00064-2
Margaryan, A., Littlejohn, A., & Vojt, G. (2011). Are digital natives a myth or reality? University students’ use of digital technologies. Computers and Education, 56(2), 429-440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2010.09.004
Martin, F., Sun, T., & Westine, C. D. (2021). A systematic review of research on online teaching and learning from 2009 to 2018. Computers & Education, 159, 104009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2020.104009
Mohd Fairuz Jafar. (2021). Kesediaan pembelajaran dalam talian semasa pandemik COVID-19. Prosiding Seminar Darulaman 2020 Peringkat Kebangsaan, 404-410.
Nasimah Abdullah & Mohd@Mohamed Mohamed Zin. (2022). Cabaran Pembelajaran dalam Talian Semasa Pandemik Covid-19 Bagi Pelajar Pengajian Bahasa Arab di KUIS. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 7(5), e001488. https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v7i5.1488
Norris, P. (2001). Digital divide: Civic engagement, information poverty, and the internet worldwide. Cambridge University Press
Noraffandy, Y., & Ling, C. L. (2011). E-learning acceptance among students: The role of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Journal of Educational Technology, 10(2), 45-56.
Pallant, J. (2020). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using IBM SPSS. Open University Press.
Patall, E. A., Cooper, H., & Robinson, J. C. (2008). The effects of choice on intrinsic motivation and related outcomes: A meta-analysis of research findings. Psychological Bulletin, 134(2), 270-300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.134.2.270
Ragnedda, M. (2018). Conceptualizing digital capital. Telematics and Informatics, 35(8), 2366–2375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2018.10.006
Reeve, J. (2009). Why teachers adopt a controlling motivating style toward students and how they can become more autonomy supportive. Educational Psychologist, 44(3), 159-175. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520903028990
Rozelia Haizah AR, & Nurfarahkhanna Mohd Rusli. (2022). Penerimaan e-pembelajaran dalam kalangan pelajar universiti: Satu tinjauan literatur. Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan, 20(1), 45-60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11113/lspi.v9.18174
Roshila Murni Rosli. (14 Februari 2021). LZNK peruntuk RM23 juta bantu anak-anak asnaf ikuti PdPR. Sinar Harian. https://www.sinarharian.com.my/article/123869/edisi/lznk-peruntuk-rm23-juta-bantu-anak-anak-asnaf-ikuti-pdpr
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2020). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation from a self-determination theory perspective: Definitions, theory, practices, and future directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 61, 101860. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101860
Said, F., Ali, I., & Javed, T. (2021). An interpretative phenomenological analysis of challenges faced by the university teachers in Pakistan amid COVID-19. International Journal of Educational Research and Innovation (IJERI), 15, 260–272. https://doi.org/10.46661/ijeri.5256
Sun, P. C., & Chen, M. Y. (2016). E-learning systems acceptance: A field study of learners. Computers & Education, 57(3), 2086-2098. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2016.05.005
Timothy Teo (2010). A path analysis of pre-service teachers' attitudes to computer use: applying and extending the technology acceptance model in an educational context. Interactive Learning Environments, 18(1), 65-79, https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820802231327
UNESCO. (2020). Laporan Pemantauan Pendidikan Global 2020: Inklusif dan pendidikan – Semua berhak belajar. Pertubuhan Pendidikan, Saintifik dan Kebudayaan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu (UNESCO). https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000373718
van Dijk, J. A. G. M. (2006). Digital divide research, achievements, and shortcomings. Poetics, 34(4-5), 221-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poetic.2006.05.004
Warschauer, M. (2003). Technology and social inclusion: Rethinking the digital divide. MIT Press.
Zikmund, W. G., Babin, B. J., Carr, J. C., & Griffin, M. (2020). Research methods for business (9th ed.). Wiley.
