Cognitive Behavioural Group Therapy on Test Anxiety Among Primary School Students
Keywords:
test anxiety, cognitive behavioral group therapy, primary school
Abstract
In an examination-oriented culture, test anxiety becomes a vital hindrance among students, leading to them developing a false belief concerning their innate capabilities. By implementing cognitive behavioral group therapy, students will develop a positive outlook and reduce test anxiety. The present study was aimed at examining the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group therapy in alleviating test anxiety among primary school students. The study employed one-group pretest-posttest design. The sample of this study consists of forty (n=40) primary school students. Before cognitive behavioral group therapy, respondents completed the Westside Test Anxiety Scale (Driscoll, 2004). Respondents participated in four sessions of cognitive behavioral group therapy. Afterwards, the Westside Test Anxiety Scale was administered as a post-test. Findings revealed a reduction in test anxiety scores among the respondents who have received cognitive behavioral group therapy. Based on these findings, training of this paradigm should be implemented at primary school level as a preventative initiative to alleviate student test anxiety. The results of the present study are encouraging and should be re-examined with a larger sample size.
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References
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Allen, M. (2017). The sage encyclopedia of communication research methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc doi: 10.4135/9781483381411
Asadullapoor, A. Fati, L. & Gharaee, B. (2010). Metacognitive anxiety and the immediate and delayed judgment of learning. Journal psychiat clinic psychol. 16 (4), 412–19.
Barrera TL, Szafranski DD, Ratcliff CG, Garnaat SL, Norton PJ. 2016. An Experimental Comparison of Techniques: Cognitive Defusion, Cognitive Restructuring, and in-vivo Exposure for Social Anxiety. Behav Cogn Psychother, 44(2):249-254.
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Cuijpers P, Sijbrandij M, Koole S, Huibers M, Berking M, Andersson G. (2014). Psychological treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev.; 34(2),130-40.
Donnelly, R. (2009). Embedding interaction within a blend of learner centric pedagogy and technology. World Journal on Educational Technology, 1(1), 6-29.
Dugas M. J., Brillon P., Savard P., Turcotte J., Gaudet A., Ladouceur R., Leblanc R., Gervais N. J. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and applied relaxation for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 41(1), 46-58.
Fayand, J., Badri Gargari, R., & Sarandi, P. (2013). An investigation of the effects of cognitive therapy training on test anxiety in secondary education. European Journal of Experimental Biology, (3), 116-120.
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Kahan, L. M., (2008). THE Correlation of Test Anxiety and Acdemic Performance of Community College Students. Pro Quest LLC jurnal. Capella University. United State.
Khosravi M, Ostovar Z, Azami S, 2012. Test anxiety and its coping styles. Tehran: Elm Publications.
N. Karjanto, S. T. Yong (2015). Test anxiety in mathematics among early undergraduate students in a British university in Malaysia. European Journal of Engineering Education, 38(1), 11-37. doi:10.1080/03043797.2012.742867
Owens, M., Stevenson, J., Hadwin, J. A., & Morgate, R. (2012). Anxiety and depression in academic performance. An exploration of the mediating factors of worry and working memory. School Psychology International. doi:10.1177/0143034311427433
Reiss, N., Warnecke, I., Tolgou, T., Krampen, D., Luka-Krausgrill, U.,& Rohrmann, S. (2017). Effects of cognitive behavioral therapy with relaxation vs. imagery rescripting on test anxiety: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 208, 483-489
Ruffin, P. (2007). A Real Fear: It's More Than Stage Fright, Math Anxiety can Derail Academic or Professional Success, But Some Scholars are Working to Help Students Get over It. Diverse Issues in Higher Education. Findarticle.com (online) http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0WMX/is_2_24/ai_n18744928/
Sapp, M.(2013). Test Anxiety. Applied Research, Assesment, and Treatment Intervention third ed.Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
Sarason, I.G. (1978). The Test Anxiety Scale: Journal of Concept and research. In C.D
Sekaran, U. (2003). Research Methods for Business, a Skill Building Approach 4th edition. Wiley, New Yor Nunnally, J.C. (1978). Psychometric Theory, 2nd edition. McGraw-Hill, New York.
Tahmasebipour N, 2011. Test anxiety (outcomes and methods for controlling it). Tehran: Ghatreh Publications.
Vitasari, P., Wahab, M., Othman, A., Herawan, T., Sinnadurai, S. (2010). The relationship between study anxiety and academic performance among engineering students. ProcediaSocial and Behavioral Sciences, 8, 490–497.
Watts SE, Turnell A, Kladnitski N, Newby JM, Andrews G. 2015. Treatment-as-usual (TAU) is anything but usual: a meta-analysis of CBT versus TAU for anxiety and depression. J Affect Disord, 175, 152-67.
Yousefi, F., Talib.M.,Mansor, B.,Juhari.M.,Redzuan.M.(2010). The Relationship between Test-Anxiety and Academic Achievement among Iranian Adolescents. (2010). Asian Social Science, 6(5), 2010th ser., 100-105. doi:10.5539/ass.v6n5p100
Zeidner, M. (1998). Test anxiety: The state of the art. New York: Plenum Press.Psychological treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a meta-analysis.
Allen, M. (2017). The sage encyclopedia of communication research methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc doi: 10.4135/9781483381411
Asadullapoor, A. Fati, L. & Gharaee, B. (2010). Metacognitive anxiety and the immediate and delayed judgment of learning. Journal psychiat clinic psychol. 16 (4), 412–19.
Barrera TL, Szafranski DD, Ratcliff CG, Garnaat SL, Norton PJ. 2016. An Experimental Comparison of Techniques: Cognitive Defusion, Cognitive Restructuring, and in-vivo Exposure for Social Anxiety. Behav Cogn Psychother, 44(2):249-254.
Birjandi, P. & Alemi, M. (2010). The impact of test anxiety on test performance among Iranian EFL learners. BRAIN: Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence & Neuroscience, 1(4), 44-58.
Bradley, R., McCraty, R., Atkinson, M., Arguelles, L., Rees, R. A., & Tomasino, D. (2007). Reducing test anxiety and improving test performance in America’s schools: Results from the TestEdge national demonstration study. Boulder Creek, CA: HeartMath Research Center, Institute of HeartMath, Publication No. 07-04-01
Cuijpers P, Sijbrandij M, Koole S, Huibers M, Berking M, Andersson G. (2014). Psychological treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev.; 34(2),130-40.
Donnelly, R. (2009). Embedding interaction within a blend of learner centric pedagogy and technology. World Journal on Educational Technology, 1(1), 6-29.
Dugas M. J., Brillon P., Savard P., Turcotte J., Gaudet A., Ladouceur R., Leblanc R., Gervais N. J. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and applied relaxation for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 41(1), 46-58.
Fayand, J., Badri Gargari, R., & Sarandi, P. (2013). An investigation of the effects of cognitive therapy training on test anxiety in secondary education. European Journal of Experimental Biology, (3), 116-120.
Fayand, J., Gargari, R. B., & Sarandi, P. (2013). The impact of mindfulness and test anxiety on academic performance. European Journal of Experimental Biolog, 3(1), 116-120. Retrieved April 23, 2018, from http://www.imedpub.com/articles/an-investigation-of-the-effects-of-cognitive-therapy-training-on-test-anxiety-in-secondary-education.pdf
Kahan, L. M., (2008). THE Correlation of Test Anxiety and Acdemic Performance of Community College Students. Pro Quest LLC jurnal. Capella University. United State.
Khosravi M, Ostovar Z, Azami S, 2012. Test anxiety and its coping styles. Tehran: Elm Publications.
N. Karjanto, S. T. Yong (2015). Test anxiety in mathematics among early undergraduate students in a British university in Malaysia. European Journal of Engineering Education, 38(1), 11-37. doi:10.1080/03043797.2012.742867
Owens, M., Stevenson, J., Hadwin, J. A., & Morgate, R. (2012). Anxiety and depression in academic performance. An exploration of the mediating factors of worry and working memory. School Psychology International. doi:10.1177/0143034311427433
Reiss, N., Warnecke, I., Tolgou, T., Krampen, D., Luka-Krausgrill, U.,& Rohrmann, S. (2017). Effects of cognitive behavioral therapy with relaxation vs. imagery rescripting on test anxiety: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 208, 483-489
Ruffin, P. (2007). A Real Fear: It's More Than Stage Fright, Math Anxiety can Derail Academic or Professional Success, But Some Scholars are Working to Help Students Get over It. Diverse Issues in Higher Education. Findarticle.com (online) http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0WMX/is_2_24/ai_n18744928/
Sapp, M.(2013). Test Anxiety. Applied Research, Assesment, and Treatment Intervention third ed.Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
Sarason, I.G. (1978). The Test Anxiety Scale: Journal of Concept and research. In C.D
Sekaran, U. (2003). Research Methods for Business, a Skill Building Approach 4th edition. Wiley, New Yor Nunnally, J.C. (1978). Psychometric Theory, 2nd edition. McGraw-Hill, New York.
Tahmasebipour N, 2011. Test anxiety (outcomes and methods for controlling it). Tehran: Ghatreh Publications.
Vitasari, P., Wahab, M., Othman, A., Herawan, T., Sinnadurai, S. (2010). The relationship between study anxiety and academic performance among engineering students. ProcediaSocial and Behavioral Sciences, 8, 490–497.
Watts SE, Turnell A, Kladnitski N, Newby JM, Andrews G. 2015. Treatment-as-usual (TAU) is anything but usual: a meta-analysis of CBT versus TAU for anxiety and depression. J Affect Disord, 175, 152-67.
Yousefi, F., Talib.M.,Mansor, B.,Juhari.M.,Redzuan.M.(2010). The Relationship between Test-Anxiety and Academic Achievement among Iranian Adolescents. (2010). Asian Social Science, 6(5), 2010th ser., 100-105. doi:10.5539/ass.v6n5p100
Zeidner, M. (1998). Test anxiety: The state of the art. New York: Plenum Press.Psychological treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a meta-analysis.
Published
2020-06-14
How to Cite
Ganaprakasam, C. and Selvaraja, T. (2020) “Cognitive Behavioural Group Therapy on Test Anxiety Among Primary School Students”, Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 5(6), pp. 61 - 67. doi: https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v5i6.427.
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