Index Developing and Modelling the Factors of Academic Procrastination among University Students
Keywords:
academic procrastination, lack of motivation, overconfidence, self-esteem, social problem
Abstract
Procrastination is a very common and becomes a problem among students nowadays. Procrastination will give the negative effect on the learning style of students, resulting in their low achievements in performing tasks and examination of maybe it will cause failure in the examinations, resulting in anxiety and also depression next lowering in their morale. This study aims to develop an index of procrastination and to model the factors of procrastination among university students. The factors that have been considered in this study are self-esteem, lack of motivation, overconfidence and social problems. The sample of 203 students of year 1 and year 3 had been selected using the stratified sampling. In developing the index, the weightage is very important. The index developed has been categorized into 4 categories, Low Academic Procrastination (0.24 and below), Average Academic Procrastination (0.25 to 0.50), Above Average Academic Procrastination (0.51 to 0.75) and High Academic Procrastination (0.76 and above). Study also reveal that there is no significant mean different in Gender, Year of Study and Type of Program. Furthermore, from the Pearson’s Correlation Analysis result found that all the explanatory variables (lack motivation, self-esteem, confidence level and overconfidence) having the positive relation relationship with the dependent variable even it contribute the weak relationship. Among the four of independent variables only two variable were significant and 5 percent level of significance which are Lack of motivation and Overconfidence. Finding revealed that variable lack of motivation is the most influent factor towards academic procrastination.
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References
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Aderanti, R. A., Williams, T. M., Oyinloye, C. A., & Uwanna, N. C. (2013). Academic procrastination, overconfidence and parental unrealistic expectations as correlates of academic rebelliousness among some Nigerian undergraduate students. In African Symposium (Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 12-8).]
Balkis, M., & Erdinç, D. U. R. U. (2017). Gender differences in the relationship between academic procrastination, satifaction with academic life and academic performance. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 15(1), 105-125.
Bakar, Z. A., & Khan, M. U. (2016). Relationships between self-efficacy and the academic procrastination behaviour among university students in Malaysia: A general perspective. Journal of Education and Learning, 10(3), 265-274.
Cerino, E. S. (2014). Relationships between Academic Motivation, Self-Efficacy, and Academic Procrastination. Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research, 19(4).
Choi, J. N., & Moran, S. V. (2009). Why not procrastinate? Development and validation of a new active procrastination scale. The Journal of social psychology, 149(2), 195-212.
Gallais, B., Gagnon, C., Forgues, G., Côté, I., & Laberge, L. (2017). Further evidence for the reliability and validity of the Fatigue and Daytime Sleepiness Scale. Journal of the neurological sciences, 375, 23-26.
Godfrey, H. (2020, Feb. 8). The Negative Effects of Procrastination on Your Life. Retrieved from https://www.theauthenticpath.com/the-negative-effects-of-procrastination-on-your-life
George, D., & Mallery, P. (2016). IBM SPSS statistics 23 step by step: A simple guide and reference. Routledge.
Hilary, G., & Menzly, L. (2006). Does past success lead analysts to become overconfident?. Management science, 52(4), 489-500.
Hussain, I., & Sultan, S. (2010). Analysis of procrastination among university students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 1897-1904.
Jawale, K. V. (2012). Methods of sampling design in the legal research: Advantages and disadvantages. Online International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, 2(6), 183-190.
Jemain, A. A. (2004). Penentuan wajaran dalam pembinaan indeks pelbagai kriteria. Matematika, 20, 77-85.
Joshi, A., Kale, S., Chandel, S., & Pal, D. K. (2015). Likert scale: Explored and explained. British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 7(4), 396.
Khan M. J., Arif H., Noor S. S., Muneer S. (2014). Academic Procrasrination among Male and Female University and College Students. WU Journal of Social Sciences, Winter 2014, Vol. 8, No.2, 65-70.
Kim, H.-Y. (2013). Statistical notes for clinical researchers: assessing normal distribution (2) using skewness and kurtosis. Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics, 38(1), 52.
Kim, S., Fernandez, S., & Terrier, L. (2017). Procrastination, personality traits, and academic performance: When active and passive procrastination tell a different story. Personality and Individual differences, 108, 154-157.
Klassen, R. M., Krawchuk, L. L., & Rajani, S. (2008). Academic procrastination of undergraduates: Low self-efficacy to self-regulate predicts higher levels of procrastination. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 33(4), 915-931.
Lai, C. S., Badayai, A. R., Chandrasekaran, K., Lee, S. Y., & Kulasingam, R. (2015). An exploratory study on personality traits and procrastination among university students. American Journal of Applied Psychology, 4(3), 21-26.
Lee, E. (2005). The relationship of motivation and flow experience to academic procrastination in university students. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 166, 5–14.
Lodha, P., Sharma, A., Dsouza, G., Marathe, I., Dsouza, S., Rawal, S., ... & De Sousa, A. (2019). General Procrastination Scale: Development of Validity and Reliability. International Journal of Medicine and Public Health, 9(3).
Loeb, S., Dynarski, S., McFarland, D., Morris, P., Reardon, S., & Reber, S. (2017). Descriptive Analysis in Education: A Guide for Researchers. NCEE 2017-4023. National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance.
Mathers N, Fox N. and Hunn A. (2007). Surveys and Questionnaires. The NIHR RDS for the East Midlands / Yorkshire & the Humber.
Nigel, M., Fox, N., & Hunn, A. (2009). Surveys and Questionnaires. The NIHR Research Design Service for Yorkshire & the Humber. www. rds-eastmidlands. nihr. ac. uk, 1, 147.
Pychyl, T. A., Lee, J. M., Thibodeau, R., & Blunt, A. (2000). Five Days of Emotion: An Experience Sampling Study of Undergraduate Student Procrastination. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 15, 239-254.
Pychyl, T. (2008). Worry Helps Me Cope: A Metacognitive Belief Linked To Procrastination, Carleton University Ottawa, Canada.. Retrieved fromwww.psychology today blogs.htm accessed on December 21, 2009.
Rahim, S. A. (2008). Media dan generasi muda. Institut Penyelidikan Pembangunan Belia Malaysia.
Rakes, G. C., & Dunn, K. E. (2010). The Impact of Online Graduate Students' Motivation and Self-Regulation on Academic Procrastination. Journal of Interactive Online Learning, 9(1).
Rouchier, J., & Tanimura, E. (2012). When overconfident agents slow down collective learning. Simulation, 88(1), 33-49.
Russell, F. E., Boyle, J. F., & Chiverrell, R. C. (2019). NIRS quantification of lake sediment composition by multiple regression using end-member spectra. Journal of Paleolimnology, 62(1), 73-88.
Sharma, D., Sharma, M., & Sharma, T. (2017). Procrastination versus planned rocrastination – A study report. International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 6(1).
Steel, P. (2007). The nature of procrastination: A meta-analytic and theoretical review of quintessential self-regulatory failure. Psychological bulletin, 133(1), 65.
UKEssays. (November 2018). Relationship Of Gender Differences Procrastination And Academic Achievement Psychology Essay. Retrieved from https://www.ukessays.com/essays/psychology/relationship-of-gender-differencesprocrastination-and-academic-achievement-psychology-essay.php?vref=1
Yahaya, A., Abdul, A. H., and Ismail, S., (2010) Budaya Lepak Di Kalangan Remaja Di: Implikasi Kepada Pembentukan Institusi Keluarga Melayu. Budaya Lepak Di Kalangan Remaja Di: Implikasi Kepada Pembentukan Institusi Keluarga Melayu . pp. 1-9.
Published
2020-09-01
How to Cite
Amran, A. S. and Zulkifli, M. (2020) “Index Developing and Modelling the Factors of Academic Procrastination among University Students”, Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 5(9), pp. 63 - 75. doi: 10.47405/mjssh.v5i9.482.
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