Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pemilihan Mod Pengangkutan dalam kalangan Warga Asing di Kota Kinabalu, Sabah
Keywords:
warga asing, aktor sosioekonomi, mod pengangkutan, pengangkutan awam
Abstract
Perkembangan pengangkutan di Malaysia khususnya Kota Kinabalu semakin berkembang dari semasa ke semasa. Namun pertambahan bilangan warga asing turut mempengaruhi infrastruktur pengangkutan. Perkara ini menunjukkan bahawa warga asing telah menyumbang kepada peningkatan perjalanan menggunakan pelbagai mod pengangkutan dan pertumbuhan penggunaan pengangkutan awam. Oleh itu, kajian ini akan mengenal pasti faktor yang mempengaruhi penggunaan mod pengangkutan warga asing yang melibatkan pengedaran borang soal selidik kepada 150 responden menerusi kaedah persampelan bertujuan dan snowball. Data kajian dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif yang menghasilkan taburan frekuensi dan peratusan serta ujian Khi-Square menggunakan alat analisis Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences (SPSS) yang melibatkan enam faktor sosioekonomi iaitu umur, jantina, status pekerjaan, pendapatan, taraf perkahwinan dan pemilikan kenderaan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan terdapat empat pembolehubah yang signifikan terhadap penggunaan mod pengangkutan iaitu jantina, status pekerjaan, pendapatan dan pemilikan kenderaan. Mod pengangkutan utama respoden adalah berjalan kaki dan penggunaan pengangkutan awam. Responden yang mempunyai pendapatan yang stabil dan pekerjaan yang tetap serta berkeluarga pula cenderung untuk menggunakan kenderaan persendirian. Pembolehubah faktor sosioekonomi ini boleh dijadikan panduan kepada Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan (PBT) dan pihak berkepentingan seperti agensi pengangkutan dalam merancang strategi sasaran penggunaan pengangkutan awam yang lebih menyeluruh pada masa akan datang khususnya di Kota Kinabalu.
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References
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Taylor BD dan Fink CNY. (2003). The Factors Influencing Transit Ridership: A Review and Analysis of The Ridership Literature. University of California Transportation Center.
Tom Mills and Madeline Steele. (2017). In Portland, Economic Displacement May Be A Driver of Transit Ridership Loss. Transit Center.
Abreha, D. A. (2007). Analyzing public transport performance using efficiency measures and spatial analysis: The case of Addis Ababa. Tesis Sarjana (Tidak diterbitkan). International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation Enschede, Netherlands.
Balcombe R., Mackett R., Paulley N., Presto J., Sgires J., Titheridge H., dan White P. (2004). The Demand for Public Transport: A Practical Guide. TRL Report TRL 593.
Beckman, J. and Goulias, K. G. (2008). Immigration, Residential Location, Car Ownership, and Commuting Behavior: A Multivariate Latent Class Analysis from California. Transportation, 35, 655–671.
Blumenberg, E. (2004). En-gendering effective planning: Spatial mismatch, low-incomewomen, and transportation policy. Journal of the American Planning Association, 70(3), 269-281.
Blumenberg, E. (2009). Moving in and Moving Around: Immigrants, Travel Behavior, and Implications for Transport Policy. University of California Transportation CenterUCTC Research Paper No. 892.
DBKK. (2011). Pelan Strategik Dewan Bandaraya Kota Kinabalu 2011-2015. Kota Kinabalu: Dewan Bandaraya Kota Kinabalu.
Carr, J. (1986). Passenger transport: Planning for radical change. USA: Gower Publishing.
Driscoll R. A, K. R. Lehmann, S. Polzin and J. Godfrey. (2017). The Effect of Demographic Changes on Transit Ridership Trends. TRB Working Paper, University of South Florida.
Harifah Mohd Noor, Mohd Fuad Mat Jali dan Mokhtar Jaafar. (2015). Nota Penyelidikan Pengaruh sosio-ekonomi terhadap pemilikan kenderaan di Kota Kinabalu Sabah. GEOGRAFIA Online™ Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 11(1), 158 - 171.
Harifah Mohd Noor, Na’asah Nasrudin dan Mazdi Marzuki. (2015). Pengaruh Sosioekonomi Terhadap Penggunaan Mod Pengangkutan Awam: Kajian Bandaraya Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Dalam. Mohmadisa Hashim et al. Persidangan Kebangsaan Geogragi dan Alam Sekitar Kali ke-5 Pemangkin Transformasi Negara. Perak: Penerbit UPSI.
Heisz, A., dan Schellenberg, G. (2004). Public Transit Use amongst Immigrants. Canadian Journal in Urban Research, 17(1), 170-191.
Hensher, D. A. 1987. Productive Efficiency and Ownership of Urban Bus Services. Transportation, 14(3): 209-225.
Hine Julian and Fiona Mitchell. (2003). Transport Disadvantage and Social Exclusion: Exclusionary Mechanisms in Transport in Urban Scotland, Aldershot: Ashgate. Journal of Social Policy, 33(3), 525-526.
Jabatan Pembangunan Negeri Sabah. (1999). Public transport masterplan study for Kota Kinabalu, Sandakan and Tawau. Final Report Summary. Department of State Development, Sabah.
K. Wang and M. Woo. (2017). The relationship between transit rich neighborhoods and transit ridership: Evidence from the decentralization of poverty. Applied Geography, 86, 183-196.
Katiman Rostam. (2002). Prinsip Asas Persekitaran Manusia. Bangi: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Kementerian Dalam Negeri. (2018). Statistik Pekerja Asing Terkini Mengikut Negeri dan Sektor. (atas talian 16 Mac 2019) http://www.data.gov.my/data/ms_MY/dataset/statistik-pekerja-asing-terkini-mengikut-negeri-dan-sektor
Khosla, P. (2005). Gendered Cities and Built Enviornments. (atas talian 16 Mac 2019) Diakses daripada The National Network on Environments and Women’s Health:http://www.nnewh.org/images/upload/attach/5912gendered cities EN.pdf
Kurt R. Lehmann. (2018). Understanding the Effects of Demographic and Socio-Economic Factors on Public Transit Ridership Trends. Graduate Thesis and Dissertations. University of South Florida.
Law, R. (1999). Beyond 'women and transport': towards new geographies of gender anddaily mobility. Progress in Human Geography, 23(4), 567-588.
Liu MJ et al. (2009). Analysis and modeling of private car usage through travel behavior. Journal of Jilin University, 39(2), 25-30.
Mazdi M. dan Jamilah M. (2006). Mod Pengangkutan ke Sekolah: Satu Kajian Pilihan Pelajar-Pelajar Sekolah Menengahdi Hulu Langat. Paper presented at the Malaysian Universities Transport Research Forum Conference, Bangi.
Michael ZFLI et al. (2011). Car ownership and urban transport demand in Singapore. International Journal of Transport Economics 38(1), 47-70.
Mohammad Mustafa Ishak. (2014). Keselamatan Negara: Isu Pekerja Asing dan Cabaran Semasa. Kluster Politik, Keselamatan dan Hal Ehwal Antarabangsa. Sesi Perbincangan Meja Bulat. Putrajaya: Palm Garden Hotel.
Nizam et al. (2011). Hubungan kecederaan trafik dengan pembangunan ekonomi Malaysia. JurnalEkonomi Malaysia 45, 81-87.
Ritter N, V. C. (2013). Do fewer people mean fewer cars? Population decline and car ownership in Germany. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 50, 74-85.
Saravanan Sundara Sakaran, Harifah Mohd Noor dan Rosmiza M. Z. (2020). Ketersampaian penduduk terhadap perkhidmatan pengangkutan awam di Bandaraya Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. GEOGRAFIA Online™ Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 16(1), 168-181.
Saravanan Sundara Sakaran, Harifah Mohd Nor, Oliver Valentine Eboy. (2019). Aksesibiliti Pengangkutan Awam (Bas) Di Bandaraya Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Jurnal Kinabalu, 25, 21-46.
Shamsudin Abdul Rahman dan Wan Rozali Wan Hussin. (2015). Perkembangan Sektor Pengangkutan Jalan Raya dan Implikasi Terhadap Struktur Bandar di Kuantan, Pahang. Dalam. Mazdi Marzuki dan Jabil Mapjabil. Isu-Isu Pengangkutan Darat di Malaysia. Johor: Penerbit UTHM.
Sultana, S. (2005). Effects of married-couple dual-earner households on metropolitan commuting: Evidence from the Atlanta metropolitan area. Urban Geography, Vol. 26(4), Hlm. 328 – 352.
Sungyop Kim. (2009). Immigrants and Transportation: An Analysis of Immigrant Workers’ Work Trips. Journal of Policy Development and Research, 11, 3.
Susan Handy, Blumenberg E., Donahue M., Lovejoy K., Rodier C., Shaheen S., Shiki K. dan Song L. (2008). Travel Behavior of Mexican and Other Immigrant Groups in California. Berkeley Planning Journal, 21(1).
Taylor, B. D., & Breiland, K. (2007). Transit’s dirty little secret: The divergence of rider demographics and public policy. Paper presented at the 11th World Conference on Transport Research.
Taylor BD dan Fink CNY. (2003). The Factors Influencing Transit Ridership: A Review and Analysis of The Ridership Literature. University of California Transportation Center.
Tom Mills and Madeline Steele. (2017). In Portland, Economic Displacement May Be A Driver of Transit Ridership Loss. Transit Center.
Published
2020-09-01
How to Cite
Zakaria, R. and Mohd Noor, H. (2020) “Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pemilihan Mod Pengangkutan dalam kalangan Warga Asing di Kota Kinabalu, Sabah”, Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 5(9), pp. 125 - 136. doi: 10.47405/mjssh.v5i9.495.
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