Penilaian Indek Kerentanan Sosio-Ekonomi Terhadap Kenaikan Paras Laut Sepanjang Pesisir Pantai Timur Semenanjung Malaysia

Isfarita Ismail; Mohd Lokman Husain; Aidy @ Mohamed Shawal M. Muslim; Ejria Saleh

doi:10.47405/mjssh.v5i10.497

Isfarita Ismail Institut Penyelidikan Borneo Marin, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS)
Mohd Lokman Husain Institut Osenografi dan Sekitaran, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)
Aidy @ Mohamed Shawal M. Muslim Institut Osenografi dan Sekitaran, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)
Ejria Saleh Institut Penyelidikan Borneo Marin, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v5i10.497

Keywords: kenaikan paras air laut, sosio-ekonomi, indek kerentanan pantai, Pantai Timur Semenanjung Malaysia

Abstract

Sejak kebelakangan ini kesan kenaikan paras air laut sering dibincangkan di seluruh dunia khasnya negara-negara maritim, negara yang berada di bawah paras laut dan negara kepulauan. Kenaikan paras air laut ini mengakibatkan kemusnahan kawasan di pesisir pantai terutamanya dari segi sosio-ekonomi. Kenaikan paras air laut juga menyumbang kepada hakisan pantai, banjir dan kemasukan air masin ke kawasan daratan. Ini mengakibatkan penduduk pesisir pantai kehilangan punca pencarian akibat dari kemusnahan ekosistem dan kerosakan harta benda. Salah satu kedah mengukur tahap kerentanan disebabkan oleh kenaikan aras laut ialah dengan menggunakan jangkaan kenaikan paras laut tempatan tahunan dan pelbagai pembolehubah sosio-ekonomi. Tahap kerentanan dapat memberi maklumat untuk perancangan adaptasi bagi kawasan yang dinilai. Oleh itu, objektif kajian ini ialah mengenalpasti tahap indek kemusnahan dan Penilaian Indek Kerentanan sosio-ekonomi penduduk pesisir pantai. Kajian di jalankan di empat buah negeri sepanjang pantai timur Semenanjung Malaysia iaitu Kelantan, Terengganu, Pahang dan Johor merangkumi 15 daerah pesisir pantai bermula dari Tumpat, Kelantan sehingga ke Kota Tinggi, Johor. Tiga parameter sosio-ekonomi diambil kira iaitu kualiti kehidupan, nilai ekonomi dan infrastruktur. Ketiga-tiga parameter ini dinilai dengan menggunakan indek kemusnahan sosial dan dipetakan menggunakan perisian ArcGIS 2010. Hasil kajian mendapati Kuantan merupakan daerah yang mempunyai indek kemusnahan paling tinggi bagi keseluruhan parameter yang diukur. Langka berjaga-jaga dan pencegahan dari kerajaan dan bukan kerajaan perlu diambilkira untuk mengurangkan kerentanan sosio-ekonomi akaibat dari kesan kenaikan paras laut.

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