Budaya Sekolah: Hubungannya dengan Komitmen Guru
Keywords:
komitmen guru, budaya sekolah, kemenjadian murid
Abstract
Komitmen guru amat penting bagi memastikan kemenjadian murid seperti mana dalam PPPM 2013- 2025. Kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti hubungan budaya sekolah terhadap komitmen guru sekolah rendah di bahagian pedalaman atas negeri Sabah, Malaysia. Kajian berbentuk bukan jenis eksperimental ini menggunakan kaedah tinjauan dan menggabungkan tiga teknik pensampelan kebarangkalian untuk mendapatkan sampel. Dua set soal selidik iaitu TCM Employee Commitment Survey (Meyer & Allen, 2004) dan Soal Selidik Budaya Organisasi (Ipek, 1999) digunakan untuk mendapatkan data daripada 458 responden guru. Data dianalisis menggunakan perisian IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0. Berpandukan analisis deskriptif, didapati budaya sekolah berada pada tahap tinggi. Manakala komitmen guru berada pada tahap sederhana. Berdasarkan analisis statistik inferensi, ujian-t bagi budaya sekolah berdasarkan jantina adalah tidak signifikan (t = 1.434, df = 456, p> 0.05) yang menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan budaya sekolah berdasarkan jantina. Manakala hasil ujian-t bagi komitmen guru berdasarkan jantina menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan (t = 2.018, df = 456, p<0.05) yang menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan komitmen guru berdasarkan jantina. Melalui ujian Korelasi Pearson didapati terdapat hubungan signifikan yang positif dengan kekuatan yang sederhana (r = 0.427, p<0.01) budaya sekolah dengan komitmen guru. Kajian mencadangkan agar budaya sekolah diamalkan pada tahap tinggi memandangkan terdapat hubungan signifikan yang positif antara budaya sekolah dengan komitmen guru.
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References
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Ambotang, A. S., & Bayong, N. (2018). The Relationship Between The Burden of Duties and Stress Towards Teacher’s Commitment at The Primary School (11-21). Jurnal Pendidikan Bitara UPSI, 11(1), 11-21.
Allen, N.J. and Meyer, J.P. (1990). The Measurement and Antecedents of Affective Continuance and Normative Commitment to the Organization, Journal of Occupational Psychology. 63, 1-18.
Baharom Mohamad. (2012). Pengurusan dan Pentadbiran Pendidikan (Edisi Terhad). Sekolah Pendidikan dan Pembangunan Sosial, Universiti Malaysia Sabah. Sabah.
Becker, H. S. 1960. Notes on the Concept of Commitment. American Journal of Sociology, 66(1), 32-40.
Cheasakul, U., & Varma, P. (2016). The Influence of Passion and Empowerment on Organizational Citizenship Behavior of Teachers Mediated by Organizational Commitment. Contaduría y Administración, 61(3), 422-440.
Chua, Y.P. (2009). Statistik Penyelidikan Lanjutan Ujian Regresi, Analisis Faktor dan Ujian SEM. Malaysia: McGraw-Hill (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd.
Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2007). Research Methods in Education. 6th ed. New York: Routledge.
Daud, Y. (2007). Budaya sekolah rendah: Hubungannya dengan kepemimpinan, komitmen organisasi dan pencapaian akademik. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang.
Erdogan, E., & Cavli, E. (2019). Investigation of Organizational Commitment Levels of Physical Education and Classroom Teachers. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 7(1), 259-265.
Enginyurt, O., Cankaya, S., Aksay, K., Tunc, T., Koc, B., Bas, O., & Ozer, E. (2016). Relationship Between Organisational Commitment and Burnout Syndrome: a Canonical Correlation Approach. Australian Health Review, 40(2), 181-187.
Fraenkel, J. R., & Wallen, N. E. (1996). How To Design and Evaluate Research in Education. 6th ed. New York. McGraw-Hill.
Ghazali Darusalam & Sufean Hussin. (2016). Metodologi Penyelidikan Dalam Pendidikan: Amalan dan Analisis Kajian. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Penerbit Universiti Malaya.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R.E., & Tatham, R. L. (1998). Multivariate Data Analysis, 5(3), 207-219. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Hayden, S.S. (2011). Teacher Motivation and Student Achievement in Middle School Students. Tesis Doktor Pendidikan. Walden University, America.
Hanaysha, J. (2016). Examining the Effects of Employee Empowerment, Teamwork, and Employee Training on Organizational Commitment. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 229, 298-306.
Harrison, R. & Stokes, H. (1993). Diagnosing Organizational Culture: Trainer’s Manual. Amsterdam: Pfeiffer and Company.
Helvaci, M. A., & Kiliçoglu, A. (2018). The Relationship Between the Organizational Change Cynicism and Organizational Commitment of Teachers. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 6(n11a), 105-110.
İpek, C. (1999). Organizational Culture and Teacher-Student Relationship in Public High Schools and Private High Schools. Journal of Educational Management in Theory and Practice, 5 (3), 411-442.
Iskandar, I., Majzub, R. M., & Mahmud, Z. (2009). Kecerdasan Emosi dan Komitmen Pekerjaan dalam Kalangan Pensyarah Universiti di Indonesia (Emotional Quotient and Work Commitment Among Lecturers at An Indonesian University). Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia| Malaysian Journal of Education, 34(1), 173-186.
Jaggil Apak & Muhamad Suhaimi Taat. (2018). The Influence Of Teachers' Readiness Towards 21stCentury Classrom Management. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 3(4), 6-22.
Jamal @ Nordin Yunus. (2009). Hubungan Antara Kepimpinan Transformasi dan Budaya Organisasi dengan Organisasi Pembelajaran di Sekolah Harapan Negara Kategori Sekolah Kebangsaan dan Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Luar Bandar. Tesis Doktor Falsafah. Universiti Utara Malaysia
Karadağ, E., Baloğlu, N., & Çakir, A. (2011). A Path Analysis Study of School Culture and Teachers' Organisational Commitment. Policy Futures in Education, 9(5), 573-584.
Karim, F., & Rehman, O. (2012). Impact of Job Satisfaction, Perceived Organizational Justice and Employee Empowerment on Organizational Commitment in Semi-Government Organizations of Pakistan. Journal of Business Studies Quarterly, 3(4), 92.
Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining Sample Size for Research Activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607-610.
Lapiņa, I., Kairiša, I., & Aramina, D. (2015). Role of Organizational Culture in the Quality Management of University. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 213, 770-774.
Lay, Y. F., Khoo, C. H., & Ley, C. M. (2016). Pengenalan Kepada Analisis Data Dengan IBM SPSS STATISTICS 19 Dalam Penyelidikan Sains Sosial. Kota Kinabalu: Penerbit Universiti Malaysia Sabah.
Manetje, O., & Martins, N. (2009). The Relationship Between Organisational Culture and Organisational Commitment. Southern African Business Review, 13(1), 87-111.
Mauno, S., Kinnunen, U., & Feldt, T. (2012). Work-Family Culture and Job Satisfaction: Does Gender and Parenting Status Alter the Relationship? Community, Work and Family. 15)1): 101-129.
Messner, W. (2017). The Role of Gender in Building Organisational Commitment in India’s Services Sourcing Industry. IIMB Management Review, 29(3), 188-202.
Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991). A Three-Component Conceptualization of Organizational Commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 1(1), 61-89.
Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1997). Commitment in the Workplace: Theory, Research, and Application. Sage.
Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N.J. (2004). TCM Employee Commitment Survey Academic Users Guide 2004. London, Ontario, Canada: The University of Western Ontario, Department of Psychology.
Mohd. Majid Konting. (2000). Kaedah Penyelidikan Pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Mohamad, R., Kasim, A. L., Zakaria, S., & Nasir, F. M. (2017). Komitmen Guru dan Kepuasan Kerja Guru di Sekolah Menengah Harian Berprestasi Tinggi dan Berprestasi Rendah di Daerah Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Proceedings of the ICECRS,1(1).
Mowday, R. T., Steers, R. M., & Porter, L. W. (1979). The Measurement of Organizational Commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 14(2), 224-247.
Muhamad Suhaimi Taat & Gladys De Rozario. (2014). The Influence Of Academic Attitude And Self-Efficacy Towards Students Achievement In Private Higher Learning Institution, Malaysia. International Journal of Arts and Commerce. 1, 41-50.
Muhamad, S.S., Adeel, R. & Muhamad, Y. (2010). Impact On Organizational Culture on the Employees” Commitment: Relationship Between Levels Of Organizational Culture with Commitment, KASBIT Business Journal. 3(1), 88-95.
Naderi Anari, N. (2012). Teachers: Emotional Intelligence, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment. Journal of workplace Learning, 24(4), 256-269.
Nordin Abd Razak, Gusti Ngurah Darmawan & Keeves, J.P. (2010). The Influence Of Culture On Teacher Commitment. Soc. Psychology. 13, 185-205.
Nordin, N. (2012). Assessing Emotional Intelligence, Leadership Behaviour and Organizational Commitment in a Higher Learning Institution. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 56, 643-651.
Nurharani Selamat and Norshidah Nordin. (2012). A Study On Teacher’s Commitment and Emotional Intelligence In The District Of Klang. Proceedings of the 2nd. International Conference on Arts, Social Sciences & Technology Penang, Malaysia, 3rd. – 5th.March 2012. Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
O'Reilly, C. A., & Chatman, J. (1986). Organizational Commitment and Psychological Attachment: The Effects of Compliance, Identification, and Internalization on Prosocial Behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 492-499.
Pallant, J. (2013). SPSS Survival Manual: A Step by Step Guide to Data Analysis Using IBM SPSS (5th e.) England: Mc Graw-Hill.
Palta, A. (2019). Examination of Teachers' Perceptions about Servant Leadership and Organizational Commitment. International Education Studies, 12(4), 36-41.
Paul. M.E. (2012). Organizational Culture and Employee’s Job Satisfaction as Mitigated By Gender, Level of Education, and Longevity in a Bureaucratic Oriented Culture. Ph.D Thesis. Capella University.
Rahayu, F. D. (2012). Hubungan Antara Budaya Organisasi dengan Komitmen Organisasi pada Perawat Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Syaiful Anwar Malang. Jurnal Psikologi: Jurnal Ilmiah Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Yudharta Pasuruan, 1(2), 61-73.
Raman, A., Ying, L. T., & Khalid, R. (2015). The Relationsip Between Culture and Organizational Commitment Among Chinese Primary School Teachers. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(2 S5), 93.
Relly Tasap. (2015). Amalan Kepimpinan Servan, Kompetensi Komunikasi, Dimensi Personaliti Guru Besar dan Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi Sekolah Terhadap Motivasi Guru. Tesis Kedoktoran. Fakulti Psikologi dan Pendidikan: Universiti Malaysia Sabah.
Sabir, M. S., Razzaq, A., & Yameen, M. (2010). Impact of Organizational Culture on the Employees Commitment: Relationship Between Levels of Organizational Culture with Commitment. KASBIT Business Journal, 3(1), 88-95.
Sarwar, M., & Ashrafi, G.M. (2014). Students’ Commitment, Engagement and Locus of Control As Predictor of Academic Achievement At Higher Education Level. Current Issues in Education, 17(3).
Selden, S.J. (2014). The Relationship Between Perceptions of Organizational Culture And Organizational Commitment Among College And University Counselors And Advisors Who Provide Educational Support To At-Risk Students. Postgraduate Thesis: The Pennsylvania State University, USA.
Shafiq, M., & Rana, A. R. (2016). Relationship of Emotional Intelligence to Organizational Commitment of College Teachers in Pakistan. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 62, 1-14.
Shagholi, R., Zabihi, M. R., Atefi, M., & Moayedi, F. (2011). The Consequences of Organizational Commitment in Education. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 246-250.
Shapira- Lishchinsky, O. & Rosenblatt, Z. (2010). Formal Ethical Climate and Voluntary Absence: The Mediation Effect of Organizational Commitment. Journal of Educational Management, 48(2), 164 – 181.
Siti Fairuz Hamid, Norshidah Nordin, Afni Anida Adnan dan Norsiah Sirun. (2013). A study on Primary School Teachers’ Organizational Commitment and Psychological Empowerment in the District of Klang. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 90, 782-787.
Stan, M. M. (2013). Predictors of the Organizational Commitment in the Romanian Academic Environment. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 78, 672-676.
Windy Anjilus. (2019). Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasi, Iklim dan Budaya Sekolah Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Guru akademik di Sabah. Tesis Doktor Falsafah. Kota Kinabalu, Sabah: Universiti Malaysia Sabah.
Ambotang, A. S., & Bayong, N. (2018). The Relationship Between The Burden of Duties and Stress Towards Teacher’s Commitment at The Primary School (11-21). Jurnal Pendidikan Bitara UPSI, 11(1), 11-21.
Allen, N.J. and Meyer, J.P. (1990). The Measurement and Antecedents of Affective Continuance and Normative Commitment to the Organization, Journal of Occupational Psychology. 63, 1-18.
Baharom Mohamad. (2012). Pengurusan dan Pentadbiran Pendidikan (Edisi Terhad). Sekolah Pendidikan dan Pembangunan Sosial, Universiti Malaysia Sabah. Sabah.
Becker, H. S. 1960. Notes on the Concept of Commitment. American Journal of Sociology, 66(1), 32-40.
Cheasakul, U., & Varma, P. (2016). The Influence of Passion and Empowerment on Organizational Citizenship Behavior of Teachers Mediated by Organizational Commitment. Contaduría y Administración, 61(3), 422-440.
Chua, Y.P. (2009). Statistik Penyelidikan Lanjutan Ujian Regresi, Analisis Faktor dan Ujian SEM. Malaysia: McGraw-Hill (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd.
Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2007). Research Methods in Education. 6th ed. New York: Routledge.
Daud, Y. (2007). Budaya sekolah rendah: Hubungannya dengan kepemimpinan, komitmen organisasi dan pencapaian akademik. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang.
Erdogan, E., & Cavli, E. (2019). Investigation of Organizational Commitment Levels of Physical Education and Classroom Teachers. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 7(1), 259-265.
Enginyurt, O., Cankaya, S., Aksay, K., Tunc, T., Koc, B., Bas, O., & Ozer, E. (2016). Relationship Between Organisational Commitment and Burnout Syndrome: a Canonical Correlation Approach. Australian Health Review, 40(2), 181-187.
Fraenkel, J. R., & Wallen, N. E. (1996). How To Design and Evaluate Research in Education. 6th ed. New York. McGraw-Hill.
Ghazali Darusalam & Sufean Hussin. (2016). Metodologi Penyelidikan Dalam Pendidikan: Amalan dan Analisis Kajian. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Penerbit Universiti Malaya.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R.E., & Tatham, R. L. (1998). Multivariate Data Analysis, 5(3), 207-219. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Hayden, S.S. (2011). Teacher Motivation and Student Achievement in Middle School Students. Tesis Doktor Pendidikan. Walden University, America.
Hanaysha, J. (2016). Examining the Effects of Employee Empowerment, Teamwork, and Employee Training on Organizational Commitment. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 229, 298-306.
Harrison, R. & Stokes, H. (1993). Diagnosing Organizational Culture: Trainer’s Manual. Amsterdam: Pfeiffer and Company.
Helvaci, M. A., & Kiliçoglu, A. (2018). The Relationship Between the Organizational Change Cynicism and Organizational Commitment of Teachers. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 6(n11a), 105-110.
İpek, C. (1999). Organizational Culture and Teacher-Student Relationship in Public High Schools and Private High Schools. Journal of Educational Management in Theory and Practice, 5 (3), 411-442.
Iskandar, I., Majzub, R. M., & Mahmud, Z. (2009). Kecerdasan Emosi dan Komitmen Pekerjaan dalam Kalangan Pensyarah Universiti di Indonesia (Emotional Quotient and Work Commitment Among Lecturers at An Indonesian University). Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia| Malaysian Journal of Education, 34(1), 173-186.
Jaggil Apak & Muhamad Suhaimi Taat. (2018). The Influence Of Teachers' Readiness Towards 21stCentury Classrom Management. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 3(4), 6-22.
Jamal @ Nordin Yunus. (2009). Hubungan Antara Kepimpinan Transformasi dan Budaya Organisasi dengan Organisasi Pembelajaran di Sekolah Harapan Negara Kategori Sekolah Kebangsaan dan Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Luar Bandar. Tesis Doktor Falsafah. Universiti Utara Malaysia
Karadağ, E., Baloğlu, N., & Çakir, A. (2011). A Path Analysis Study of School Culture and Teachers' Organisational Commitment. Policy Futures in Education, 9(5), 573-584.
Karim, F., & Rehman, O. (2012). Impact of Job Satisfaction, Perceived Organizational Justice and Employee Empowerment on Organizational Commitment in Semi-Government Organizations of Pakistan. Journal of Business Studies Quarterly, 3(4), 92.
Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining Sample Size for Research Activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607-610.
Lapiņa, I., Kairiša, I., & Aramina, D. (2015). Role of Organizational Culture in the Quality Management of University. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 213, 770-774.
Lay, Y. F., Khoo, C. H., & Ley, C. M. (2016). Pengenalan Kepada Analisis Data Dengan IBM SPSS STATISTICS 19 Dalam Penyelidikan Sains Sosial. Kota Kinabalu: Penerbit Universiti Malaysia Sabah.
Manetje, O., & Martins, N. (2009). The Relationship Between Organisational Culture and Organisational Commitment. Southern African Business Review, 13(1), 87-111.
Mauno, S., Kinnunen, U., & Feldt, T. (2012). Work-Family Culture and Job Satisfaction: Does Gender and Parenting Status Alter the Relationship? Community, Work and Family. 15)1): 101-129.
Messner, W. (2017). The Role of Gender in Building Organisational Commitment in India’s Services Sourcing Industry. IIMB Management Review, 29(3), 188-202.
Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991). A Three-Component Conceptualization of Organizational Commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 1(1), 61-89.
Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1997). Commitment in the Workplace: Theory, Research, and Application. Sage.
Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N.J. (2004). TCM Employee Commitment Survey Academic Users Guide 2004. London, Ontario, Canada: The University of Western Ontario, Department of Psychology.
Mohd. Majid Konting. (2000). Kaedah Penyelidikan Pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Mohamad, R., Kasim, A. L., Zakaria, S., & Nasir, F. M. (2017). Komitmen Guru dan Kepuasan Kerja Guru di Sekolah Menengah Harian Berprestasi Tinggi dan Berprestasi Rendah di Daerah Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Proceedings of the ICECRS,1(1).
Mowday, R. T., Steers, R. M., & Porter, L. W. (1979). The Measurement of Organizational Commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 14(2), 224-247.
Muhamad Suhaimi Taat & Gladys De Rozario. (2014). The Influence Of Academic Attitude And Self-Efficacy Towards Students Achievement In Private Higher Learning Institution, Malaysia. International Journal of Arts and Commerce. 1, 41-50.
Muhamad, S.S., Adeel, R. & Muhamad, Y. (2010). Impact On Organizational Culture on the Employees” Commitment: Relationship Between Levels Of Organizational Culture with Commitment, KASBIT Business Journal. 3(1), 88-95.
Naderi Anari, N. (2012). Teachers: Emotional Intelligence, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment. Journal of workplace Learning, 24(4), 256-269.
Nordin Abd Razak, Gusti Ngurah Darmawan & Keeves, J.P. (2010). The Influence Of Culture On Teacher Commitment. Soc. Psychology. 13, 185-205.
Nordin, N. (2012). Assessing Emotional Intelligence, Leadership Behaviour and Organizational Commitment in a Higher Learning Institution. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 56, 643-651.
Nurharani Selamat and Norshidah Nordin. (2012). A Study On Teacher’s Commitment and Emotional Intelligence In The District Of Klang. Proceedings of the 2nd. International Conference on Arts, Social Sciences & Technology Penang, Malaysia, 3rd. – 5th.March 2012. Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
O'Reilly, C. A., & Chatman, J. (1986). Organizational Commitment and Psychological Attachment: The Effects of Compliance, Identification, and Internalization on Prosocial Behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 492-499.
Pallant, J. (2013). SPSS Survival Manual: A Step by Step Guide to Data Analysis Using IBM SPSS (5th e.) England: Mc Graw-Hill.
Palta, A. (2019). Examination of Teachers' Perceptions about Servant Leadership and Organizational Commitment. International Education Studies, 12(4), 36-41.
Paul. M.E. (2012). Organizational Culture and Employee’s Job Satisfaction as Mitigated By Gender, Level of Education, and Longevity in a Bureaucratic Oriented Culture. Ph.D Thesis. Capella University.
Rahayu, F. D. (2012). Hubungan Antara Budaya Organisasi dengan Komitmen Organisasi pada Perawat Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Syaiful Anwar Malang. Jurnal Psikologi: Jurnal Ilmiah Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Yudharta Pasuruan, 1(2), 61-73.
Raman, A., Ying, L. T., & Khalid, R. (2015). The Relationsip Between Culture and Organizational Commitment Among Chinese Primary School Teachers. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(2 S5), 93.
Relly Tasap. (2015). Amalan Kepimpinan Servan, Kompetensi Komunikasi, Dimensi Personaliti Guru Besar dan Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi Sekolah Terhadap Motivasi Guru. Tesis Kedoktoran. Fakulti Psikologi dan Pendidikan: Universiti Malaysia Sabah.
Sabir, M. S., Razzaq, A., & Yameen, M. (2010). Impact of Organizational Culture on the Employees Commitment: Relationship Between Levels of Organizational Culture with Commitment. KASBIT Business Journal, 3(1), 88-95.
Sarwar, M., & Ashrafi, G.M. (2014). Students’ Commitment, Engagement and Locus of Control As Predictor of Academic Achievement At Higher Education Level. Current Issues in Education, 17(3).
Selden, S.J. (2014). The Relationship Between Perceptions of Organizational Culture And Organizational Commitment Among College And University Counselors And Advisors Who Provide Educational Support To At-Risk Students. Postgraduate Thesis: The Pennsylvania State University, USA.
Shafiq, M., & Rana, A. R. (2016). Relationship of Emotional Intelligence to Organizational Commitment of College Teachers in Pakistan. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 62, 1-14.
Shagholi, R., Zabihi, M. R., Atefi, M., & Moayedi, F. (2011). The Consequences of Organizational Commitment in Education. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 246-250.
Shapira- Lishchinsky, O. & Rosenblatt, Z. (2010). Formal Ethical Climate and Voluntary Absence: The Mediation Effect of Organizational Commitment. Journal of Educational Management, 48(2), 164 – 181.
Siti Fairuz Hamid, Norshidah Nordin, Afni Anida Adnan dan Norsiah Sirun. (2013). A study on Primary School Teachers’ Organizational Commitment and Psychological Empowerment in the District of Klang. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 90, 782-787.
Stan, M. M. (2013). Predictors of the Organizational Commitment in the Romanian Academic Environment. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 78, 672-676.
Windy Anjilus. (2019). Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasi, Iklim dan Budaya Sekolah Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Guru akademik di Sabah. Tesis Doktor Falsafah. Kota Kinabalu, Sabah: Universiti Malaysia Sabah.
Published
2020-10-02
How to Cite
James Billy, L. and Taat, M. S. (2020) “Budaya Sekolah: Hubungannya dengan Komitmen Guru”, Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 5(10), pp. 207 - 216. doi: 10.47405/mjssh.v5i10.511.
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