Issues and Challenges in Teacher Leadership
Keywords:
school leadership, teacher leadership, school improvement, empowerment
Abstract
Teacher leadership significantly promotes development and efficiency at schools. However, the practice of teacher leadership is slammed with challenges that impact its progression and effective implementation in schools. Therefore, the present study focused on the key terms, problems, and obstacles of teacher leadership based on domestic and international works of literature on teacher leadership practices. The study discussed the notion of teacher leadership before it addressed the challenges in the practice. Hence, the present paper helped school leaders to establish teacher leadership tasks in schools and help researchers to carry out more studies on teacher leadership.
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References
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Angelle, P. S., & Dehart, C. A. (2011). Teacher perceptions of teacher leadership: Examining differences by experience, degree, and position. NASSP Bulletin, 95(2), 141–160. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192636511415397
Angelle, P., & Teague, G. M. (2014). Teacher leadership and collective efficacy: Teacher perceptions in three US school districts. Journal of Educational Administration, 52(6), 738–753. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-02-2013-0020
Azhar Harun, Ramli Basri, Zaidatol Akmaliah Lope Pihie, & Soaib Asimiran. (2016a). Amalan kepemimpinan guru di sekolah menengah Zon Timur Semenanjung Malaysia. Jurnal Kepimpinan Pendidikan, 3(4), 1–24.
Azhar Harun, Ramli Basri, Zaidatol Akmaliah Lope Pihie, & Soaib Asimiran. (2016b). Hubungan antara amalan kepemimpinan distributif pengetua dan kepemimpinan guru di sekolah menengah. International Journal of Education and Training (InjET), 2(22), 1–13. https://doi.org/eISSN 2462-2079
Barth, R. S. (2001). Teacher leader. Phi Delta Kappan, 82, 443–449.
Berry, B., Daughtrey, A., & Wieder, A. (2010). Teacher leadership: Leading the way to effective teaching and learning. Center for Teaching Quality.
Bowman, R. F. (2004). Teachers as leaders. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 77(5), 187–189. https://doi.org/10.3200/TCHS.77.5.187-189
Brooks, J. S., Scribner, J. A. Y. P., & Eferakorho, J. (2004). Teacher leadership in the context of whole school reform. Journal of School Leadership, 14(May), 242–265.
Bush, T., & Ng, A. Y. M. (2019). Distributed leadership and the Malaysia Education Blueprint: From prescription to partial school-based enactment in a highly centralised context. Journal of Educational Administration, 57(3), 279–295. https://doi.org/10.1108/jea-11-2018-0206
Chukowry, D. M. C. (2018). Teacher leadership in six secondary schools in Mauritius. International Journal of Educational Management, 32(6), 990–1000. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-06-2017-0144
Cooper, K. S., Stanulis, R. N., Brondyk, S. K., Hamilton, E. R., Macaluso, M., & Meier, J. A. (2016). The teacher leadership process: Attempting change within embedded systems. Journal of Educational Change, 17(1), 85–113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10833-015-9262-4
Coyle, M. (1997). Teacher leadership vs. school management: Flatten the hierarchies. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 70(5), 236–239. https://doi.org/10.1080/00098655.1997.10543923
Dampson, D. G., Havor, F. M., & Laryea, P. (2018). Distributed leadership an instrument for school improvement: The study of public senior high schools in Ghana. Journal of Education and E-Learning Research, 5(2), 79–85. https://doi.org/10.17160/josha.5.1.374
Davignon, M. M. (2016). New teachers’ perceptions of teacher leaders: Trust in the educational setting. Southern New Hampshire University.
Derrington, M. L., & Angelle, P. S. (2013). Teacher leadership and collective efficacy: Connections and links. International Journal of Teacher Leadership, 4(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Donaldson, G. A. (2007). What do teachers bring to leadership? Educational Leadership, 65, 26–29.
Durias, R. F. (2010). Teacher leaders of color: The impact of professional development on their leadership. University of California.
Fairman, J. C., & Mackenzie, S. V. (2012). Spheres of teacher leadership action for learning. Professional Development in Education, 38(2), 229–246. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2012.657865
Fairman, J. C., & Mackenzie, S. V. (2015). How teacher leaders influence others and understand their leadership. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 18(1), 61–87. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2014.904002
Flood, L. D., & Angelle, P. S. (2017). Organizational influences of collective efficacy and trust on teacher leadership. International Studies in Educational Administration, 45(3), 85–99. http://www.redi-bw.de/db/ebsco.php/search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx%3Fdirect%3Dtrue%26db%3Daph%26AN%3D128198213%26site%3Dehost-live
Friedman, H. (2011). The myth behind the subject leader as a school key player. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice: Theory and Practice, 17(3), 289–302. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2011.554701
Grant, C., Gardner, K., Kajee, F., Moodley, R., & Somaroo, S. (2008). The restricted reality of teacher leadership: A South African Survey. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.505.8564&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Greenlee, B. J. (2007). Building teacher leadership capacity through educational leadership programs. Journal of Research for Educational Leaders, 4(1), 44–74.
Gunter, H. (2005). Leading teachers. Continuum International Publishing Group.
Hamidah Yusof, Lechumy Vyapuri, Norasibah Abdul Jalil, Mahaliza Mansor, & Mohd Asri Mohd Noor. (2017). The factors affecting teacher leadership in Malaysian primary schools. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(6), 620–631. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v7-i6/3025
Hamidah Yusof, Muhamad Nursalam Al-Hafiz Osman, & Mohd Asri Mohd Noor. (2016). School culture and its relationship with teacher leadership. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 6(11). https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v6-i11/2396
Harris, A. (2003). Teacher leadership as distributed leadership: Heresy, fantasy or possibility? School Leadership and Management, 23(3), 313–324. https://doi.org/10.1080/1363243032000112801
Harris, A. (2005). Teacher leadership: More than just a feel-good factor? Leadership and Policy in Schools, 4, 201–219. https://doi.org/10.1080/15700760500244777
Harris, A. (2015). Teacher leadership. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences: Second Edition, 24, 60–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.92135-4
Harris, A., & Muijs, D. (2004). Improving schools through teacher leadership. Open University Press.
Helterbran, V.R. (2010). Teacher leadership: overcoming “I am just a teacher” syndrome. Education, 131(2), 363–372. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01804.x
Holloway, J., Nielsen, A., & Saltmarsh, S. (2017). Prescribed distributed leadership in the era of accountability: The experiences of mentor teachers. Educational Management Administration and Leadership, 46(4), 538–555. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143216688469
Johnson, S. M., & Donaldson, M. L. (2007). Overcoming the obstacles to leadership. Educational Leadership, 65(1), 8–13.
Johnson, S. M., Reinhorn, S. K., Kraft, M. A., & Papay, J. P. (2014). Ready to lead, but how? Teachers’ experiences in high-poverty urban schools. Teachers College Record, 116(10), 1–50.
Katzenmeyer, M., & Moller, G. (2009). Awakening the sleeping giant: Helping teachers develop as leaders. 3rd. Ed. Corwin Press.
Killion, J., Harrison, C., Colton, A., Bryan, C., Delehant, A., & Cooke, D. (2016). A systemic approach to elevating teacher leadership. Learning Forward.
Leithwood, K., & Mascall, B. (2008). Collective leadership effects on student achievement. Educational Administration Quarterly, 44(4), 529–561. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X08321221
Louis, K. S., & Marks, H. M. (1998). Does professional community affect the classroom? Teachers’ work and student experiences in restructuring schools. American Journal of Education, 106(4), 532–575. https://doi.org/10.1086/444197
Margolis, J. (2012). Hybrid teacher leaders and the new professional development ecology. Professional Development in Education, 38(2), 291–315. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2012.657874
Ministry of Education Malaysia (2012). Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013-2025. Ministry of Education.
Moller, G., Childs-Bowen, D., & Scrivner, J. (2001). Teachers of the year speak out: Tapping into teacher leadership. SERVE: SouthEastern Regional Vision for Education
Monjong, N. E., & Fon, T. P. (2016). A Study of teachers’ perceptions of involvement in decision making within secondary schools in Cameroon. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 6(2), 165–176. https://doi.org/10.5901/jesr.2016.v6n2p165
Muijs, D., & Harris, A. (2003). Teacher leadership—Improvement through empowerment? Educational Management & Administration, 31(4), 437–448. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263211X030314007
Muijs, D., & Harris, A. (2006). Teacher led school improvement: Teacher leadership in the UK. Teaching and Teacher Education, 22(8), 961–972. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2006.04.010
Muncey, D. E., & Conley, S. (1999). Teacher compensation and teacher teaming: Sketching the terrain. Journal of Personnel Evaluation in Education, 12(4), 365–385.
Murphy, J. (2005). Connecting teacher leadership and school improvement. Corwin Press.
Nafia, Z. I., & Suyatno, S. (2020). The effect of teachers’ leadership on students’ motivation in Al-Islam Tambakbayan Elementary School. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(5), 1907–1915. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080527
Neumerski, C. M. (2012). Rethinking instructional leadership, a review: What do we know about principal, teacher, and coach instructional leadership, and where should we go from here? Educational Administration Quarterly, 1–38. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X12456700
Nguyen, D., Harris, A., & Ng, D. (2019). A review of the empirical research on teacher leadership. Journal of Educational Administration, 58(1), 60–80. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-02-2018-0023
Norashikin Abu Bakar, Ramli Basri, & Foo, F. S. (2015). Hubungan kepimpinan guru dengan pencapaian akademik pelajar. International Journal of Education and Training (InjET), 1(2), 1–11.
Özdemir, M., & Demircioğlu, E. (2015). Distributed leadership and contract relations: Evidence from Turkish high schools. Educational Management Administration and Leadership, 43(6), 918–938. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143214543207
Roslina Abdul Rashid, & Mahaliza Mansor. (2018). The influence of organizational learning on teacher leadership. International Journal of Academic Research in Business & Social Sciences, 8(4), 1254–1267. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v8-i4/4236
Salleh Hairon. (2017). Teacher leadership in Singapore: The next wave of effective leadership. Research in Educational Administration and Leadership, 2(2), 170–194. https://doi.org/10.30828/real/2017.2.3
Sanders, M. G. (2006). Missteps in team leadership: The experiences of six novice teachers in three urban middle schools. Urban Education, 41(3), 277–304. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042085906287903
Sebastian, J., Huang, H., & Allensworth, E. (2017). Examining integrated leadership systems in high schools: connecting principal and teacher leadership to organizational processes and student outcomes. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 28(3), 463–488. https://doi.org/10.1080/09243453.2017.1319392
Sergiovanni, T. J. (2001). Leadership: What‘s in it for schools?. Routledge.
Sharfuddin Abdul Shukor. (2012). Konsep kepimpinan guru dalam kalangan guru di tiga buah sekolah menengah di Segamat. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Silins, H., & Mulford, B. (2002). Schools as learning organisations: The case for system, teacher and student learning. Journal of Educational Administration, 40(5), 425–446. https://doi.org/10.1108/09578230210440285
Sinha, S., & Hanuscin, D. L. (2017). Development of teacher leadership identity: A multiple case study. Teaching and Teacher Education, 63, 356–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2017.01.004
Spillane, J. P., Halverson, R., & Diamond, J. B. (2001). Investigating school leadership practice: A distributed perspective. Educational Researcher, 30(3), 23–28. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X030003023
Spillane, J. P., Halverson, R., & Diamond, J. B. (2004). Towards a theory of leadership practice: A distributed perspective. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 36(1), 3–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/0022027032000106726
Terry, P. M. (2017). Empowering teachers as leaders. National Forum Journals, 1-8.
Tsai, K. C. (2015). A Preliminary Meta-Analysis of Teacher Leadership. Journal of Education and Literature, 3(3), 131–137.
Wan Suhaila Wan Yaacob, & Yahya Don. (2018). Teacher leadership model: Roles and values. Journal of Social Science Research, 12(1), 2556–2567.
Wasley, P. A. (1991). Teachers who lead: The rhetoric of reform and realities of practice. Teachers College Press.
Weiner, J. M. (2011). Finding common ground: Teacher leaders and principals speak out about teacher leadership. Journal of School Leadership, 21(January 2011), 7–41. https://doi.org/10.1177/105268461102100102
Wenner, J. A., & Campbell, T. (2017). The theoretical and empirical basis of teacher leadership: A review of the literature. Review of Educational Research, 20(10), 1–38. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654316653478
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Zaidatol Akmaliah Lope Pihie, & Soaib Asimiran. (2011). Transformasi kepemimpinan pendidikan: Cabaran dan hala tuju. Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia.
Angelle, P. S. (2017). Leading beyond the classroom. International Studies in Educational Administration (Commonwealth Council for Educational Administration & Management), 45(3), 101–107.
Angelle, P. S., & Dehart, C. A. (2011). Teacher perceptions of teacher leadership: Examining differences by experience, degree, and position. NASSP Bulletin, 95(2), 141–160. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192636511415397
Angelle, P., & Teague, G. M. (2014). Teacher leadership and collective efficacy: Teacher perceptions in three US school districts. Journal of Educational Administration, 52(6), 738–753. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-02-2013-0020
Azhar Harun, Ramli Basri, Zaidatol Akmaliah Lope Pihie, & Soaib Asimiran. (2016a). Amalan kepemimpinan guru di sekolah menengah Zon Timur Semenanjung Malaysia. Jurnal Kepimpinan Pendidikan, 3(4), 1–24.
Azhar Harun, Ramli Basri, Zaidatol Akmaliah Lope Pihie, & Soaib Asimiran. (2016b). Hubungan antara amalan kepemimpinan distributif pengetua dan kepemimpinan guru di sekolah menengah. International Journal of Education and Training (InjET), 2(22), 1–13. https://doi.org/eISSN 2462-2079
Barth, R. S. (2001). Teacher leader. Phi Delta Kappan, 82, 443–449.
Berry, B., Daughtrey, A., & Wieder, A. (2010). Teacher leadership: Leading the way to effective teaching and learning. Center for Teaching Quality.
Bowman, R. F. (2004). Teachers as leaders. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 77(5), 187–189. https://doi.org/10.3200/TCHS.77.5.187-189
Brooks, J. S., Scribner, J. A. Y. P., & Eferakorho, J. (2004). Teacher leadership in the context of whole school reform. Journal of School Leadership, 14(May), 242–265.
Bush, T., & Ng, A. Y. M. (2019). Distributed leadership and the Malaysia Education Blueprint: From prescription to partial school-based enactment in a highly centralised context. Journal of Educational Administration, 57(3), 279–295. https://doi.org/10.1108/jea-11-2018-0206
Chukowry, D. M. C. (2018). Teacher leadership in six secondary schools in Mauritius. International Journal of Educational Management, 32(6), 990–1000. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-06-2017-0144
Cooper, K. S., Stanulis, R. N., Brondyk, S. K., Hamilton, E. R., Macaluso, M., & Meier, J. A. (2016). The teacher leadership process: Attempting change within embedded systems. Journal of Educational Change, 17(1), 85–113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10833-015-9262-4
Coyle, M. (1997). Teacher leadership vs. school management: Flatten the hierarchies. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 70(5), 236–239. https://doi.org/10.1080/00098655.1997.10543923
Dampson, D. G., Havor, F. M., & Laryea, P. (2018). Distributed leadership an instrument for school improvement: The study of public senior high schools in Ghana. Journal of Education and E-Learning Research, 5(2), 79–85. https://doi.org/10.17160/josha.5.1.374
Davignon, M. M. (2016). New teachers’ perceptions of teacher leaders: Trust in the educational setting. Southern New Hampshire University.
Derrington, M. L., & Angelle, P. S. (2013). Teacher leadership and collective efficacy: Connections and links. International Journal of Teacher Leadership, 4(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Donaldson, G. A. (2007). What do teachers bring to leadership? Educational Leadership, 65, 26–29.
Durias, R. F. (2010). Teacher leaders of color: The impact of professional development on their leadership. University of California.
Fairman, J. C., & Mackenzie, S. V. (2012). Spheres of teacher leadership action for learning. Professional Development in Education, 38(2), 229–246. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2012.657865
Fairman, J. C., & Mackenzie, S. V. (2015). How teacher leaders influence others and understand their leadership. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 18(1), 61–87. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2014.904002
Flood, L. D., & Angelle, P. S. (2017). Organizational influences of collective efficacy and trust on teacher leadership. International Studies in Educational Administration, 45(3), 85–99. http://www.redi-bw.de/db/ebsco.php/search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx%3Fdirect%3Dtrue%26db%3Daph%26AN%3D128198213%26site%3Dehost-live
Friedman, H. (2011). The myth behind the subject leader as a school key player. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice: Theory and Practice, 17(3), 289–302. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2011.554701
Grant, C., Gardner, K., Kajee, F., Moodley, R., & Somaroo, S. (2008). The restricted reality of teacher leadership: A South African Survey. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.505.8564&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Greenlee, B. J. (2007). Building teacher leadership capacity through educational leadership programs. Journal of Research for Educational Leaders, 4(1), 44–74.
Gunter, H. (2005). Leading teachers. Continuum International Publishing Group.
Hamidah Yusof, Lechumy Vyapuri, Norasibah Abdul Jalil, Mahaliza Mansor, & Mohd Asri Mohd Noor. (2017). The factors affecting teacher leadership in Malaysian primary schools. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(6), 620–631. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v7-i6/3025
Hamidah Yusof, Muhamad Nursalam Al-Hafiz Osman, & Mohd Asri Mohd Noor. (2016). School culture and its relationship with teacher leadership. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 6(11). https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v6-i11/2396
Harris, A. (2003). Teacher leadership as distributed leadership: Heresy, fantasy or possibility? School Leadership and Management, 23(3), 313–324. https://doi.org/10.1080/1363243032000112801
Harris, A. (2005). Teacher leadership: More than just a feel-good factor? Leadership and Policy in Schools, 4, 201–219. https://doi.org/10.1080/15700760500244777
Harris, A. (2015). Teacher leadership. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences: Second Edition, 24, 60–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.92135-4
Harris, A., & Muijs, D. (2004). Improving schools through teacher leadership. Open University Press.
Helterbran, V.R. (2010). Teacher leadership: overcoming “I am just a teacher” syndrome. Education, 131(2), 363–372. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01804.x
Holloway, J., Nielsen, A., & Saltmarsh, S. (2017). Prescribed distributed leadership in the era of accountability: The experiences of mentor teachers. Educational Management Administration and Leadership, 46(4), 538–555. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143216688469
Johnson, S. M., & Donaldson, M. L. (2007). Overcoming the obstacles to leadership. Educational Leadership, 65(1), 8–13.
Johnson, S. M., Reinhorn, S. K., Kraft, M. A., & Papay, J. P. (2014). Ready to lead, but how? Teachers’ experiences in high-poverty urban schools. Teachers College Record, 116(10), 1–50.
Katzenmeyer, M., & Moller, G. (2009). Awakening the sleeping giant: Helping teachers develop as leaders. 3rd. Ed. Corwin Press.
Killion, J., Harrison, C., Colton, A., Bryan, C., Delehant, A., & Cooke, D. (2016). A systemic approach to elevating teacher leadership. Learning Forward.
Leithwood, K., & Mascall, B. (2008). Collective leadership effects on student achievement. Educational Administration Quarterly, 44(4), 529–561. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X08321221
Louis, K. S., & Marks, H. M. (1998). Does professional community affect the classroom? Teachers’ work and student experiences in restructuring schools. American Journal of Education, 106(4), 532–575. https://doi.org/10.1086/444197
Margolis, J. (2012). Hybrid teacher leaders and the new professional development ecology. Professional Development in Education, 38(2), 291–315. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2012.657874
Ministry of Education Malaysia (2012). Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013-2025. Ministry of Education.
Moller, G., Childs-Bowen, D., & Scrivner, J. (2001). Teachers of the year speak out: Tapping into teacher leadership. SERVE: SouthEastern Regional Vision for Education
Monjong, N. E., & Fon, T. P. (2016). A Study of teachers’ perceptions of involvement in decision making within secondary schools in Cameroon. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 6(2), 165–176. https://doi.org/10.5901/jesr.2016.v6n2p165
Muijs, D., & Harris, A. (2003). Teacher leadership—Improvement through empowerment? Educational Management & Administration, 31(4), 437–448. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263211X030314007
Muijs, D., & Harris, A. (2006). Teacher led school improvement: Teacher leadership in the UK. Teaching and Teacher Education, 22(8), 961–972. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2006.04.010
Muncey, D. E., & Conley, S. (1999). Teacher compensation and teacher teaming: Sketching the terrain. Journal of Personnel Evaluation in Education, 12(4), 365–385.
Murphy, J. (2005). Connecting teacher leadership and school improvement. Corwin Press.
Nafia, Z. I., & Suyatno, S. (2020). The effect of teachers’ leadership on students’ motivation in Al-Islam Tambakbayan Elementary School. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(5), 1907–1915. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080527
Neumerski, C. M. (2012). Rethinking instructional leadership, a review: What do we know about principal, teacher, and coach instructional leadership, and where should we go from here? Educational Administration Quarterly, 1–38. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X12456700
Nguyen, D., Harris, A., & Ng, D. (2019). A review of the empirical research on teacher leadership. Journal of Educational Administration, 58(1), 60–80. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-02-2018-0023
Norashikin Abu Bakar, Ramli Basri, & Foo, F. S. (2015). Hubungan kepimpinan guru dengan pencapaian akademik pelajar. International Journal of Education and Training (InjET), 1(2), 1–11.
Özdemir, M., & Demircioğlu, E. (2015). Distributed leadership and contract relations: Evidence from Turkish high schools. Educational Management Administration and Leadership, 43(6), 918–938. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143214543207
Roslina Abdul Rashid, & Mahaliza Mansor. (2018). The influence of organizational learning on teacher leadership. International Journal of Academic Research in Business & Social Sciences, 8(4), 1254–1267. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v8-i4/4236
Salleh Hairon. (2017). Teacher leadership in Singapore: The next wave of effective leadership. Research in Educational Administration and Leadership, 2(2), 170–194. https://doi.org/10.30828/real/2017.2.3
Sanders, M. G. (2006). Missteps in team leadership: The experiences of six novice teachers in three urban middle schools. Urban Education, 41(3), 277–304. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042085906287903
Sebastian, J., Huang, H., & Allensworth, E. (2017). Examining integrated leadership systems in high schools: connecting principal and teacher leadership to organizational processes and student outcomes. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 28(3), 463–488. https://doi.org/10.1080/09243453.2017.1319392
Sergiovanni, T. J. (2001). Leadership: What‘s in it for schools?. Routledge.
Sharfuddin Abdul Shukor. (2012). Konsep kepimpinan guru dalam kalangan guru di tiga buah sekolah menengah di Segamat. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Silins, H., & Mulford, B. (2002). Schools as learning organisations: The case for system, teacher and student learning. Journal of Educational Administration, 40(5), 425–446. https://doi.org/10.1108/09578230210440285
Sinha, S., & Hanuscin, D. L. (2017). Development of teacher leadership identity: A multiple case study. Teaching and Teacher Education, 63, 356–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2017.01.004
Spillane, J. P., Halverson, R., & Diamond, J. B. (2001). Investigating school leadership practice: A distributed perspective. Educational Researcher, 30(3), 23–28. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X030003023
Spillane, J. P., Halverson, R., & Diamond, J. B. (2004). Towards a theory of leadership practice: A distributed perspective. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 36(1), 3–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/0022027032000106726
Terry, P. M. (2017). Empowering teachers as leaders. National Forum Journals, 1-8.
Tsai, K. C. (2015). A Preliminary Meta-Analysis of Teacher Leadership. Journal of Education and Literature, 3(3), 131–137.
Wan Suhaila Wan Yaacob, & Yahya Don. (2018). Teacher leadership model: Roles and values. Journal of Social Science Research, 12(1), 2556–2567.
Wasley, P. A. (1991). Teachers who lead: The rhetoric of reform and realities of practice. Teachers College Press.
Weiner, J. M. (2011). Finding common ground: Teacher leaders and principals speak out about teacher leadership. Journal of School Leadership, 21(January 2011), 7–41. https://doi.org/10.1177/105268461102100102
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Published
2020-10-02
How to Cite
Kamaruzaman, N. L., Musa, K. and Hashim, Z. (2020) “Issues and Challenges in Teacher Leadership”, Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 5(10), pp. 228 - 237. doi: 10.47405/mjssh.v5i10.517.
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