Pengaruh Faktor-faktor Tekanan Kerja dalam kalangan Guru di Sekolah Menengah: Satu Analisis Persamaan Struktur (SEM-PLS)
Keywords:
tingkah laku, kekangan masa, beban kerja, tekanan kerja, Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM PLS)
Abstract
Kajian yang dijalankan adalah bertujuan untuk menganalisis data beberapa pemboleh ubah eksogen yang diramalkan mempunyai pengaruh terhadap pemboleh ubah endogen (tekanan kerja) dalam kalangan guru. Kaedah penyelidikan kuantitatif melalui analisis Permodelan Persamaan Struktur-Kuasa Dua Terkecil Separa (SEM PLS) digunakan untuk menilai model hipotesis yang menghubungkan kesemua konstruk dengan menggunakan aplikasi Smart PLS versi 3.0. Analisis dalam bentuk model mendapati bahawa kesemua pemboleh ubah eksogen iaitu faktor Tingkah Laku Pelajar, Kekangan Masa dan Beban Tugas mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap tekanan kerja. Data utama kajian diperoleh melalui pentadbiran soal selidik kepada 350 orang guru sekolah menengah yang mengajar di Sabah. Permodelan Persamaan Struktur (SEM-PLS) digunakan secara statistik bagi tujuan mengesahkan hipotesis model terakhir Tekanan Kerja. Penyelidikan ini diharapkan dapat mengisi jurang korpus ilmu dan pengetahuan dengan memberi tumpuan kepada sumbangan kuantitatif yang signifikan berkaitan penerokaan faktor-faktor paling dominan terhadap masalah tekanan kerja khususnya dalam kalangan guru. Penemuan kajian ini turut mendedahkan faktor paling berpengaruh terhadap tekanan kerja ialah faktor kekangan masa dengan nilai varians sebanyak 43%. Selain itu, kajian turut mendapati peranan faktor beban tugas sebagai pemboleh ubah perantara separa antara pemboleh ubah tingkah laku pelajar, dan kekangan masa terhadap tekanan kerja. Implikasi kajian memberi petunjuk bahawa amalan pengurusan masa yang tidak cekap dalam mengurus dan melaksana pelbagai tugas di sekolah jelas memberi kesan negatif terhadap keberkesanan profesionalisme sehingga membawa kepada masalah tekanan kerja. Oleh itu, pengurusan masa secara efektif sewajarnya dapat diamalkan agar segala tanggungjawab yang diberi dapat dilaksanakan dengan sebaik mungkin.
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References
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Kaur, S. (2011). Comparative Study of Occupational Stress among Teachers of Private and Govt. Schools in Relation to their Age, Gender and Teaching Experience. International Journal of Educational Planning & Administration. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361307078130
Kerr, R. A., Kerr, R. A., Breen, J., Delaney, M., Kelly, C., & Miller, K. (2011). A Qualitative Study of Workplace Stress and Coping in Secondary Teachers in Ireland. Irish Journal of Applies Social Studies. https://doi.org/10.21427/D7G72Q
Kidger, J., Brockman, R., Tilling, K., Campbell, R., Ford, T., Araya, R., … Gunnell, D. (2016). Teachers’ wellbeing and depressive symptoms, and associated risk factors: A large cross sectional study in English secondary schools. Journal of Affective Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.11.054
Kokoroko, E., & Sanda, M. A. (2019). Effect of Workload on Job Stress of Ghanaian OPD Nurses: The Role of Coworker Support. Safety and Health at Work. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2019.04.002
Kyriacou, C. (2001). Teacher stress: Directions for future research. Educational Review. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131910120033628
Mathew, L. (2011). An Exploratory Study on Occupational Stress and Coping Strategies of Special Educators in South India. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.643192
Mohamad Abdillah Royo & Woo Sew Fun (2008). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mendorong Tekanan Kerja (Stres) Di Kalangan Guru-Guru Sjk(C): Satu Kajian Di Tiga Buah Sekolah Di Wilayah Persekutuan. Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Mohamed T. (2018) Sources of Occupational Stress Among Teachers: A Field of Study for Teachers Working in Libyan Schools in Turkey International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences
http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJAREMS/v7i8
Mohd Arshad, Z., & Mustapha, R. (2017). Hubungan Antara Beban Tugas Dengan Efikasi Diri dan Kepuasan Kerja Pensyarah di Kolej Vokasional. Sains Humanika, 9(1–5). https://doi.org/10.11113/sh.v9n1-5.1174
Muhamad Suhaimi Taat & Gladys De Rozario. 2014. The Influence of Academic Attitude and Self-Efficacy Towards Students Achievement in Private Higher Learning Institution, Malaysia. International Journal of Arts and Commerce. 1, 41-50.
Ngui G.K; Lay Y.F. (2015). Relationship between Stress Coping Factors with Stress Level during Practical Training among Trainee Teachers: A PLS-SEM Approach. Prosceeding ICE Brunei 2015.
Onditi, A. a. (2013). Relationship between customer personality, service features and customer loyalty in the banking sector: A survey of banks in homabay county, Kenya. International Journal of Business and Social Science.
Ouellette, R. R., Frazier, S. L., Shernoff, E. S., Cappella, E., Mehta, T. G., Maríñez-Lora, A. Atkins, M. S. (2018). Teacher Job Stress and Satisfaction in Urban Schools: Disentangling Individual-, Classroom-, and Organizational-Level Influences. Behavior Therapy, 49(4), 494–508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2017.11.011
Robbins, S., De Cenzo, D., Coulter, M., & Woods, M. (2013). Management: the essentials. Pearson Higher Education AU.
Samad, N. I. A., Hashim, Z., Moin, S., & Abdullah, H. (2011). Assessment of Stress and Its Risk Factors Among Primary School Teachers in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. Epidemiology. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000392452.76957.b9
Sanyal, N., Fernandes, T., & Fatima, A. (2016). Personal Effectiveness, Organizational Culture and Work-Related Stress among Teachers. IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies (ISSN 2455–2526). https://doi.org/10.21013/jems.v4.n2.p4
Shkembi, F., Melonashi, E., & Fanaj, N. (2015). Workplace Stress Among Teachers in Kosovo. SAGE Open. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244015614610
Tajulashikin, J., Fazura, M. N., & Ibrahim, M. B. (2013). Faktor-Faktor Penentu Stres Dalam Kalangan Guru: Sekolah Rendah Mubaligh Di Kuala Lumpur. Jurnal Kurikulum & Pengajaran Asia Pasifik. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.larev.2016.06.007
Van Bogaert, P., Timmermans, O., Weeks, S. M., van Heusden, D., Wouters, K., & Franck, E. (2014). Nursing unit teams matter: Impact of unit-level nurse practice environment, nurse work characteristics, and burnout on nurse reported job outcomes, and quality of care, and patient adverse events-A cross-sectional survey. International Journal ofNursing Studies. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2013.12.009
Yaribeygi, H., Panahi, Y., Sahraei, H., Johnston, T. P., & Sahebkar, A. (2017). The impact of stress on body function: A review. EXCLI Journal. https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2017-480
Aldrup, K., Klusmann, U., Ludtke, O., Gollner, R., & Trautwein, U. (2018). Student misbehavior and teacher well-being: Testing the mediating role of the teacher-student relationship. Learning and Instruction, 58, 126–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2018.05.006
Azizi Haji Yahaya, Shahrin Hashim, T. S. (2006). Occupational stress Among Technical teachers In Technical School in Johore, Malacca and Negeri Sembilan. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Beddu Salam Baco (2014). Modal Psikologi (Psychological Capital), stres kerja dan komitmen kerja (work engagement): Satu penelitian awal. Seminar Kebangsaan Integriti Keluarga 2014. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Butt, G., & Lance, A. (2005). Secondary Teacher Workload and Job Satisfaction: Do Successful Strategies for Change Exist? Educational Management Administration & Leadership. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143205056304
Byrne, D. (2013). Complexity Theory and the Social Sciences. Complexity Theory and the Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203519585
Chan, A. H. S., Chen, K., & Chong, E. Y. L. (2010). Work stress of teachers from primary and secondary schools in Hong Kong. In Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2010, IMECS 2010.
Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach for structural equation modeling. In GA Marcoulides (ed.),
Modern Methods for Business Research, 295-336.Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, London.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates. Dunlop, W. P., Cortina, J. M., Vaslow, J. B., & Burke, M. J. (1996). Meta-analysis
Davidson, K. (2009). Challenges contributing to teacher stress and burnout. Southeastern Teacher Education Journal.
De Simone, S., Cicotto, G., & Lampis, J. (2016). Occupational stress, job satisfaction and physical health in teachers. Revue Europeenne de Psychologie Appliquee, 66(2), 65–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erap.2016.03.002
Fisher, M. H. (2011). Factors Influencing Stress, Burnout, and Retention of Secondary Teachers. Current Issues in Education, 14, 1–36.
Fornell, C. and Cha, J. (1994) Partial Least Squares. Advanced Methods of Marketing Research, 407, 52-78.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. (1981).Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error.Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
Gladys De Rozario & Muhamad Suhaimi Taat. 2015. The Influence of Learning Environment And Academic SelfEfficacy Towards Mathematics Achievement In Masterskill Global College, Malaysia. International Journal of Arts And Commerce. 1. 43-53.
Greenberg, M. T., Brown, J. L., & Abenavoli, R. M. (2016). Teacher stress and health: Effects on teachers, students, and schools. Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University.
Geving, A. M. 2007. Identifying the types of student and teacher behaviours associated with teacher stress. Teaching and Teacher Education. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2007.02.006
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2014). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling. 2nd Edition. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Hopkins, M. L. (2014). The sources of work stress and coping resources for high school teachers in the Gauteng Province within different career stages (Doctoral dissertation).
Hakanen, J. J., Bakker, A. B., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2006). Burnout and work engagement among teachers. Journal of School Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2005.11.001
Ismail, O. C. H. A. (2015). Sokongan Pihak Pengurusan Sekolah terhadap Tekanan Kerja Guru di Sekolah Kebangsaan dan Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Cina. Jurnal Kepimpinan Pendidikan.
Jaggil Apak & Muhamad Suhaimi Taat. 2018. Pengaruh Kesediaan Guru Terhadap Pengurusan Bilik Darjah Abad Ke-21. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJ - SSH). 3(4), 6-22.
Kamaruddin, K. (2007). Tekanan Kerja di kalangan guru sekolah menengah. Jurnal Kemanusiaan, 10(1), 105–118.
Karaj, S. Rapti, E. (2013). Teacher stress in Albania: examining the role of students’ classroom deviant behavior and other factors in the school context. Problems of Education in the 21st Century, 54(54), 14–21. Retrieved from http://www.scientiasocialis.lt/pec/files/pdf/vol54/14-21.Karaj_Vol.54.pdf
Kaur, S. (2011). Comparative Study of Occupational Stress among Teachers of Private and Govt. Schools in Relation to their Age, Gender and Teaching Experience. International Journal of Educational Planning & Administration. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361307078130
Kerr, R. A., Kerr, R. A., Breen, J., Delaney, M., Kelly, C., & Miller, K. (2011). A Qualitative Study of Workplace Stress and Coping in Secondary Teachers in Ireland. Irish Journal of Applies Social Studies. https://doi.org/10.21427/D7G72Q
Kidger, J., Brockman, R., Tilling, K., Campbell, R., Ford, T., Araya, R., … Gunnell, D. (2016). Teachers’ wellbeing and depressive symptoms, and associated risk factors: A large cross sectional study in English secondary schools. Journal of Affective Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.11.054
Kokoroko, E., & Sanda, M. A. (2019). Effect of Workload on Job Stress of Ghanaian OPD Nurses: The Role of Coworker Support. Safety and Health at Work. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2019.04.002
Kyriacou, C. (2001). Teacher stress: Directions for future research. Educational Review. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131910120033628
Mathew, L. (2011). An Exploratory Study on Occupational Stress and Coping Strategies of Special Educators in South India. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.643192
Mohamad Abdillah Royo & Woo Sew Fun (2008). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mendorong Tekanan Kerja (Stres) Di Kalangan Guru-Guru Sjk(C): Satu Kajian Di Tiga Buah Sekolah Di Wilayah Persekutuan. Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Mohamed T. (2018) Sources of Occupational Stress Among Teachers: A Field of Study for Teachers Working in Libyan Schools in Turkey International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences
http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJAREMS/v7i8
Mohd Arshad, Z., & Mustapha, R. (2017). Hubungan Antara Beban Tugas Dengan Efikasi Diri dan Kepuasan Kerja Pensyarah di Kolej Vokasional. Sains Humanika, 9(1–5). https://doi.org/10.11113/sh.v9n1-5.1174
Muhamad Suhaimi Taat & Gladys De Rozario. 2014. The Influence of Academic Attitude and Self-Efficacy Towards Students Achievement in Private Higher Learning Institution, Malaysia. International Journal of Arts and Commerce. 1, 41-50.
Ngui G.K; Lay Y.F. (2015). Relationship between Stress Coping Factors with Stress Level during Practical Training among Trainee Teachers: A PLS-SEM Approach. Prosceeding ICE Brunei 2015.
Onditi, A. a. (2013). Relationship between customer personality, service features and customer loyalty in the banking sector: A survey of banks in homabay county, Kenya. International Journal of Business and Social Science.
Ouellette, R. R., Frazier, S. L., Shernoff, E. S., Cappella, E., Mehta, T. G., Maríñez-Lora, A. Atkins, M. S. (2018). Teacher Job Stress and Satisfaction in Urban Schools: Disentangling Individual-, Classroom-, and Organizational-Level Influences. Behavior Therapy, 49(4), 494–508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2017.11.011
Robbins, S., De Cenzo, D., Coulter, M., & Woods, M. (2013). Management: the essentials. Pearson Higher Education AU.
Samad, N. I. A., Hashim, Z., Moin, S., & Abdullah, H. (2011). Assessment of Stress and Its Risk Factors Among Primary School Teachers in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. Epidemiology. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000392452.76957.b9
Sanyal, N., Fernandes, T., & Fatima, A. (2016). Personal Effectiveness, Organizational Culture and Work-Related Stress among Teachers. IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies (ISSN 2455–2526). https://doi.org/10.21013/jems.v4.n2.p4
Shkembi, F., Melonashi, E., & Fanaj, N. (2015). Workplace Stress Among Teachers in Kosovo. SAGE Open. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244015614610
Tajulashikin, J., Fazura, M. N., & Ibrahim, M. B. (2013). Faktor-Faktor Penentu Stres Dalam Kalangan Guru: Sekolah Rendah Mubaligh Di Kuala Lumpur. Jurnal Kurikulum & Pengajaran Asia Pasifik. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.larev.2016.06.007
Van Bogaert, P., Timmermans, O., Weeks, S. M., van Heusden, D., Wouters, K., & Franck, E. (2014). Nursing unit teams matter: Impact of unit-level nurse practice environment, nurse work characteristics, and burnout on nurse reported job outcomes, and quality of care, and patient adverse events-A cross-sectional survey. International Journal ofNursing Studies. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2013.12.009
Yaribeygi, H., Panahi, Y., Sahraei, H., Johnston, T. P., & Sahebkar, A. (2017). The impact of stress on body function: A review. EXCLI Journal. https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2017-480
Published
2020-11-01
How to Cite
Kamarudin, S. and Taat, M. (2020) “Pengaruh Faktor-faktor Tekanan Kerja dalam kalangan Guru di Sekolah Menengah: Satu Analisis Persamaan Struktur (SEM-PLS)”, Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 5(11), pp. 104 - 115. doi: 10.47405/mjssh.v5i11.544.
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