Faktor Luaran Relaps Dalam Kalangan Penagih Lelaki Dewasa di Cure and Care Service Centre, Kuala Pilah
Keywords:
penagihan relaps, penagih dadah, faktor risiko, faktor luaran, pemulihan
Abstract
Penagihan semula atau relaps adalah keadaan yang biasa berlaku terhadap seseorang bekas penagih dadah yang selesai menjalani program rawatan pencegahan dan pemulihan. Relaps adalah menggunakan semula dadah selepas berhenti menggunakannya untuk satu tempoh tertentu yang bergantung kepada ketahanan seseorang melawan sindrom putus dadah. Terdapat pelbagai faktor yang mempengaruhi bekas penagih untuk relaps. Kajian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk menjelaskan faktor luaran relaps dalam kalangan penagih dadah lelaki. Kajian ini merupakan kajian kualitatif yang menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi melalui kaedah temu bual bersemuka dan pemerhatian turut serta terhadap lapan orang penagih yang sedang mengikuti program pemulihan di Cure and Care Service Centre, Kuala Pilah. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan melalui teknik persampelan bertujuan dan data telah dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik melalui pendekatan induktif yang menumpukan kepada pengekodan untuk memperolehi tema-tema utama. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa antara faktor luaran yang menyebabkan penagih lelaki relaps adalah faktor keluarga, rakan sebaya dan persekitaran. Kesimpulannya, faktor-faktor yang dikenal pasti ini memberi gambaran pengaruh luaran yang menyebabkan penagih dadah yang dikaji relaps. Oleh itu, pengkaji mencadangkan agar agensi yang bertanggungjawab membentuk sebuah modul atau program kepada pelatih selepas mereka selesai menjalani program pemulihan supaya mereka mengetahui arah tuju serta mendapatkan kepulihan yang sebenar.
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References
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Russell, J. A. (1978). Evidence of convergent validity on the dimensions of affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36(10), 1152.
Sau, M., Mukherjee, A., Manna, N., & Sanyal, S. (2013). Sociodemographic and substance use correlates of repeated relapse among patients presenting for relapse treatment at an addiction treatment center in Kolkata, India. African Health Sciences, 13(3), 791-799.
Scott, C. K., Foss, M. A., & Dennis, M. L. (2005). Pathways in the relapse treatment recovery cycle over 3 years. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 28(2), S63-S72.
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Sterling, R. C., Gottheil, E., Glassman, S. D., Weinstein, S. P., Serota, R. D., & Lundy, A. (2001). Correlates of employment: A cohort study. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 27(1), 137-146.
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Zelditch, M., (1979). American Sociology: Plight and Promise. The American Sociologist, 35-55.
Zhuang, X., Wang, Y., Chow, E. P., Liang, Y., Wilson, D. P., & Zhang, L. (2012). Risk factors associated with HIV/HCV infection among entrants in methadone maintenance treatment clinics in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug and alcohol dependence, 126(3), 286-295.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101.
Bray, J. W., Zarkin, G. A., Dennis, M. L., & French, M. T. (2000). Symptoms of dependence, multiple substance use, and labor market outcomes. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 26(1), 77-95.
Brown, P. L., Wise, R. A., & Kiyatkin, E. A. (2003). Brain hyperthermia is induced by methamphetamine and exacerbated by social interaction. Journal of Neuroscience, 23(9), 3924-3929.
Budhathoki, N., Shrestha, M. K., Acharya, N., & Manandhar, A. (2010). Subantance use among third year medical students of Nepal. Journal of Nepal Health Research Council.
Bulik, C. M., Sullivan, P. F., McKee, M., Weltzin, T. E., & Kaye, W. H. (1994). Characteristics of bulimic women with and without alcohol abuse. The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 20(2), 273-283.
Carnes, P. (2013). Don't call it love: Recovery from sexual addiction. Bantam.
Cummings, C., Gordon, J. R., & Marlatt, G. A. (1980). Relapse: Prevention and prediction. The addictive behaviors, 291-321.
Daley, D. C. (1987). Relapse prevention with substance abusers: Clinical issues and myths. Social Work, 32(2), 138-142.
Delina, E. M., & George, E. M. (1999). Therapy manual for drug addiction series. US: University of Pennsylvania.
Dennis, M., Scott, C. K., & Funk, R. (2003). An experimental evaluation of recovery management checkups (RMC) for people with chronic substance use disorders. Evaluation and Program Planning, 26(3), 339-352.
Dungsaa, U. (1998). Women and Drugs: From Hard Realities to Hard Solutions. Paper on Women, Gender and Drugs, (6).
Eldred, C. A., Brown, B. S., & Mahabir, C. (1974). Heroin addict clients' description of their families of origin. International Journal of the Addictions, 9(2), 315-320.
Halford, W. K., & Osgarby, S. M. (1993). Alcohol abuse in clients presenting with marital problems. Journal of Family Psychology, 6(3), 245.
Ibrahim, F., & Kumar, N. (2009). Factors effecting drug relapse in Malaysia: An empirical evidence. Asian Social Science, 5(12), 37.
Hawkins, J. D., & Fraser, M. W. (1989). The social networks of drug abusers before and after treatment. In Drug and Alcohol Use (pp. 73-91). Springer US.
Hesselbrock, M. N., Meyer, R. E., & Keener, J. J. (1985). Psychopathology in hospitalized alcoholics. Archives of general Psychiatry, 42 (11), 1050-1055.
Halford, W. K., & Osgarby, S. M. (1993). Alcohol abuse in clients presenting with marital problems. Journal of Family Psychology, 6(3), 245.
Johnson, B. (1998). The mechanism of codependence in the prescription of benzodiazepines to patients with addiction. Psychiatric Annals, 28(3), 166-171.
Kandel, D. (1973). Adolescent marihuana use: Role of parents and peers. Science, 1067-1070.
Katz, D. (1965). Nationalism and strategies of international conflict resolution. International Behavior: A social-psychological analysis, 356-390.
Kelly, J. F., & Westerhoff, C. M. (2010). Does it matter how we refer to individuals with substance-related conditions? A randomized study of two commonly used terms. International Journal of Drug Policy, 21(3), 202-207.
Leary, M. R., Tambor, E. S., Terdal, S. K., & Downs, D. L. (1995). Self-esteem as an interpersonal monitor: The sociometer hypothesis. Journal of personality and social psychology, 68(3), 518.
Luthans, F. (2003). Positive organizational behavior (POB): Implications for leadership and HR development and motivation. Motivation and leadership at work, 178-195.
Lulofs, R. S., & Cahn, D. D. (2000). Conflict: From theory to action. Allyn & Bacon.
Luo, T., Wang, J., Li, Y., Wang, X., Tan, L., Deng, Q., & Hao, W. (2014). Stigmatization of people with drug dependence in China: a community-based study in Hunan province. Drug and alcohol dependence, 134, 285-289.
Maehira, Y., Chowdhury, E. I., Reza, M., Drahozal, R., Gayen, T. K., Masud, I., & Azim, T. (2013). Factors associated with relapse into drug use among male and female attendees of a three-month drug detoxification–rehabilitation programme in Dhaka, Bangladesh: a prospective cohort study. Harm reduction journal, 10(1), 14.
Mahmood N.M. (1996). Peranan dan penglibatan keluarga dan masyarakat dalam pencegahan penagihan dadah. Persatuan Kaunseling Malaysia.
Marlatt, G. A., & Donovan, D. M. (Eds.). (2005). Relapse prevention: Maintenance strategies in the treatment of addictive behaviors. Guilford Press.
McCarty, D., Perrin, N. A., Green, C. A., Polen, M. R., Leo, M. C., & Lynch, F. (2010). Methadone maintenance and the cost and utilization of health care among individuals dependent on opioids in a commercial health plan. Drug and alcohol dependence, 111(3), 235-240.
McLellan, A. T., McKay, J. R., Forman, R., Cacciola, J., & Kemp, J. (2005). Reconsidering the evaluation of addiction treatment: from retrospective follow‐up to concurrent recovery monitoring. Addiction, 100 (4), 447-458.
Miller, W. R. (1992). The effectiveness of treatment for substance abuse: reasons for optimism. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 9(2), 93-102.
Mohd Taib, Rusli & Mohd Khairi (2000). Pola-pola Komunikasi Kekeluargaan: Kajian di kalangan Keluarga Penagih dan Bukan Penagih di Negeri Kedah. Penyelidikan Sekolah Pembangunan Sosial.
Nace, E. P., Saxon Jr, J. J., & Shore, N. (1986). Borderline personality disorder and alcoholism treatment: A one-year follow-up study. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 47(3), 196-200.
Newstrom, J.W., & Davis, K. (1977). Organizational Behaviour: Human Behaviour at work. Boston: McGraw-Hill.
Oetting, E. R., & Beauvais, F. (1983). A typology of adolescent drug use: A practical classification system for describing drug use patterns. Academic Psychology Bulletin.
O'farrell, T. J., Hooley, J., Fals-Stewart, W., & Cutter, H. S. (1998). Expressed emotion an relapse in alcoholic patients. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66(5), 744.
Rasmussen, S. (2000). Addiction Treatment: Theory and Practice. Beverly Hills, California: Sage Publication, Inc.
Ross, H. E., Glaser, F. B., & Stiasny, S. (1988). Sex differences in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients with alcohol and drug problems. Addiction, 83(10), 1179-1192.
Russell, J. A. (1978). Evidence of convergent validity on the dimensions of affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36(10), 1152.
Sau, M., Mukherjee, A., Manna, N., & Sanyal, S. (2013). Sociodemographic and substance use correlates of repeated relapse among patients presenting for relapse treatment at an addiction treatment center in Kolkata, India. African Health Sciences, 13(3), 791-799.
Scott, C. K., Foss, M. A., & Dennis, M. L. (2005). Pathways in the relapse treatment recovery cycle over 3 years. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 28(2), S63-S72.
Sharma, A. (2012). Correlates of juvenile delinquency: the role of family environment and self esteem. Advances in Asian Social Science, 4(1), 773-777.
Sitorus, M. F. (1998). Penelitian Kualitatif Suatu Perkenalan. Bogor: IPB.
Sterling, R. C., Gottheil, E., Glassman, S. D., Weinstein, S. P., Serota, R. D., & Lundy, A. (2001). Correlates of employment: A cohort study. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 27(1), 137-146.
Stocco, P., Llopis, J., DeFazio, L., Calafat, A., & Mendes, F. (2000). Women drug abuse in Europe: Gender identity. Irefrea.
Thomas, K. W., & Kilmann, R. H. (1978). Comparison of four instruments measuring conflict behavior. Psychological Reports, 42 (3_suppl), 1139-1145.
Wray, J. M., Gass, J. C., & Tiffany, S. T. (2013). A systematic review of the relationships between craving and smoking cessation. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 15(7), 1167-1182.
Xue, Y. X., Luo, Y. X., Wu, P., Shi, H. S., Xue, L. F., Chen, C., ... & Epstein, D. H. (2012). A memory retrieval-extinction procedure to prevent drug craving and relapse. Science, 336(6078), 241-245.
Yusoff, J. Z. M. (2010). Jenayah Keganasan Rumah Tangga. Penerbit Universiti Malaya.
Zackon, F., McAuliffe, W. E., & Ch'ien, J. M. (1985). Addict aftercare: Recovery training and self-help. US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, National Institute on Drug Abuse.
Zelditch, M., (1979). American Sociology: Plight and Promise. The American Sociologist, 35-55.
Zhuang, X., Wang, Y., Chow, E. P., Liang, Y., Wilson, D. P., & Zhang, L. (2012). Risk factors associated with HIV/HCV infection among entrants in methadone maintenance treatment clinics in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug and alcohol dependence, 126(3), 286-295.
Published
2018-05-16
How to Cite
Azizul, D., Wan Jaafar, W. M. and Mohd Khir, A. (2018) “Faktor Luaran Relaps Dalam Kalangan Penagih Lelaki Dewasa di Cure and Care Service Centre, Kuala Pilah”, Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 3(2), pp. 159 - 168. doi: 10.47405/mjssh.v3i2.78.
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