Politik Serantau Asia Pasifik Era Pasca Perang Dingin: Kenapa Berbeza dengan Rantau Lain?
Keywords:
Asia Pasifik, Pasca Perang Dingin, China, Amerika Syarikat, Soviet Union
Abstract
Artikel ini membincangkan perkembangan politik serantau Asia Pasifik dalam era pasca Perang Dingin. Perubahan struktur politik antarabangsa daripada struktur yang bersifat bipolar kepada struktur unipolar telah mempengaruhi struktur politik serantau Asia Pasifik, tetapi perubahan struktur yang berlaku di rantau Asia Pasifik adalah berbeza dengan rantau lain. Perbezaan ini dipengaruhi oleh perbezaan struktur politik serantau yang wujud dalam era Perang Dingin. Dalam era Perang Dingin struktur politik serantau Asia Pasifik adalah bersifat tripolar (didominasi oleh tiga kuasa iaitu Amerika Syarikat, Soviet Union, dan China, 1972-1991). Apabila Soviet Union runtuh dalam tahun 1991, masih wujud dua buah kuasa di rantau Asia Pasifik iaitu Amerika Syarikat dan China. Artikel ini merumuskan bahawa struktur kuasa yang wujud di rantau Asia Pasifik yang berbeza dengan rantau lain adalah dipengaruhi oleh dua faktor iaitu: struktur kuasa yang terbentuk dalam era Perang Dingin (iaitu struktutr tripolar) dan wujudnya kuasa China sebagai kuasa regional yang kuat sejak tahun 1991.
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References
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Jackson, Robert dan Sorenson, Georg. (2007). Introduction to International Relations: Theories and Approaches. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Johnston, Alastair Iain. (2019). China in a World of Orders: Rethinking Compliance and Challenge in Beijing’s International Relations. International Security, 44(2),9-60.
Kang, David (2003). Hierarchy and Stability in Asian International Relations, dalam Ikenberry,G. John & Mastanduno, Michael (eds). International Relations Theory and the Asia-Pacific, New York: Columbia University Press,hal. 174-177
Kramer, Mark. (1996). The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe: Sphere of Influence. Dalam Woods, Ngaire. Explaining International Relations since 1945. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, hal. 97-125
Md. Nasrudin Md. Akhir. (2006). Pertahanan Jepun: Ancaman Senjata Nuklear di Asia Timur. Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit Universiti Malaya
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Mearshiemer, John.J. (2014). The Tragedy of Great Power Politics (updated edition). New York and London: W.W. Norton & Company.
Mohd. Noor Yazid. (2021). Bipolarity Structure and the Political Development in the East and Southeast Asia. Journal of Xidian University, 15(5), 414-423.
Mohd. Noor Yazid. (2018). Malaysia, Indonesia and the Cold War. Tanjong Malim: Penerbit Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.
Mohd. Noor Yazid. (2013). Hubungan Antarabangsa: Analisis Sistemik dan Domestik. Kota Bharu: Eduserve Resources.
Mohd. Noor Yazid. (2010). The Clash of Civilization di Afghanistan? Amerika Syarikat dan Percaturan Kuasa Pasca Peristiwa 11 September. Jurnal Pemikir, 59 (Januari-Mac 2010), 85-100.
Mohd. Noor Yazid. (2000). Asia Tenggara dan Sistem Bipolar. Jurnal Pemikir, 20, (April-Jun 2000), 1-16.
Shambaugh, David. (2018). U.S.-China Rivalry in Southeast Asia: Power Shift or Competitive Coexistence? International Security, 42(4), 85-127.
Shambaugh, David & Yahuda, Michale, (eds). (2014). International Relations of Asia. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.
Singh, Robert. (2012). The United States: the eagle untamed, dalam Murray, Donette and Brown, David (eds.). Multipolarity in the 21st Century: A New World Order, Oxon & New York; Routledge, hal. 17-47
Strange, Suzan, (1994). State and Markets: An Introduction to International Political Economy. London: Pinter.
Strange, Suzan. (1987). The Persistent Myth of Lost Hegemony. International Organization, 41, 560-575.
Welfield, John. (1988). An Empire in Eclipse: Japan in the Postwar American Alliance System. London & Atlantic Highlands, NJ: The Athlone Press.
Yahuda, Michale. (2019). The International Politics of the Asia-Pacific (fourth and Revised edition). London and New York: Routledge.
Yahuda, Michael. (2004). The International Politics of the Asia-Pacific (Second and revised edition). London & New York: Routledge-Curzon.
Published
2021-07-10
How to Cite
Yazid, M. N. (2021) “Politik Serantau Asia Pasifik Era Pasca Perang Dingin: Kenapa Berbeza dengan Rantau Lain?”, Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 6(7), pp. 98 - 108. doi: 10.47405/mjssh.v6i7.918.
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