Deindividuasi dari Perspektif Islam: Membina Semula Jati Diri, Nilai Moral, dan Tingkah Laku Kolektif
Abstract
Deindividuasi ialah fenomena psikologi yang terjadi apabila individu dalam sesuatu kumpulan kehilangan identiti dan kesedaran kendiri. Proses ini boleh mendorong seseorang melakukan tindakan impulsif, menyimpang, dan adakalanya ganas apabila merasakan identiti dirinya tidak dikenal pasti oleh sesiapa. Artikel ini membincangkan deindividuasi dari perspektif Islam dengan menggabungkan teori psikologi sosial kontemporari bersama al-Quran dan Sunnah, psikologi moral Islam, serta konsep-konsep nafs (diri), takwa, taklif (tanggungjawab moral), muhasabah al-nafs (refleksi diri), dan ummah. Dalam kerangka Islam, pembinaan semula jati diri perlu berasaskan kesedaran bahawa setiap individu tetap mempunyai tanggungjawab moral di hadapan Allah walaupun berada dalam ruang digital ataupun suatu kumpulan. Identiti suatu kumpulan boleh menolak atau mengukuhkan lagi nilai-nilai moral, bergantung kepada norma kumpulan tersebut sama ada didasari oleh takwa, keadilan, kebenaran, dan akauntabiliti, ataupun oleh aṣabiyyah (fanatisme kepartian atau kumpulan), sikap agresif, prejudis, dan sikap menurut secara membuta tuli. Oleh itu, Islam mengemukakan pendekatan seimbang demi mengekalkan akauntabiliti individu sambil memupuk identiti kolektif yang membina dari segi moral. Memahami deindividuasi menerusi kerangka Islam berpotensi membawa kepada pemahaman, pencegaham dan pembinaan semula tingkah laku kolektif dalam masyarakat Muslim.
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