The Consequences of Work-family Conflict and The Importance of Social Supports to Reduce Work-family Conflict Among Employees
Keywords:
psychological well-being, social support, work-family conflict
Abstract
Conflicts that occur due to overlap between work and family matters are important topics in today’s organizational context. Work-family conflict can be defined as a form of role conflict where the demands of work and family cannot be aligned in several ways. Some previous studies have mentioned that work-family conflicts negatively affect individuals such as emotional fatigue that ultimately lead to stress and disturb the psychological well-being. From that perspective, social support can help to reduce the stressful experience that is caused by work-family conflicts and improve the psychological well-being. There are two elements of social support originating from (1) work domain support; such as organization, supervisor and co-workers whereas, (2) non-work domain supports: can come from spouse, family members and friends. Thus, these two elements of social support seemed to be important elements to ease the burden of stressful experience among employees especially in work- family conflict.
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References
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Ahmad, A. (2008). Job, family and individual factors as predictors of work-family conflict. Journal of Human Resource and Adult Learning, 4, 57-65.
Allen, T. D. (2001). Family-supportive work environments: The role of organizational perceptions. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 58, 414-435.
Aminah A. & Zoharah O., (2010). Perceived family-supportive work culture, affective commitment and turnover intention of employees. Journal of American Science, 6, 839-846.
Aslam, R., Shumaila, S., Azhar, M. & Sadaqat, S. (2011). Work-family conflicts: Relationship between work-life conflict and employee retention–a comparative study of public and private sector employees. Journal of Research in Bussiness, 1,18-29.
Behson, S. J. (2002). Which dominates? The Relative Importance of Work-Family Organizational Support and General Organizational Context on Employee Outcomes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61, 53-72.
Carlson, D. S., & Perrewe, P. L. (1999). The role of social support in the stressor-strain relationship: An examination of work-family conflict. Journal of Management, 25, 513-540.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Hedonia, eudaimonia, and well-being: An introduction. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9, 1-11.
Grandey, A. A., & Cropanzano, R. (1999). The Conversation of resoucers model applied to work-family conflict and strain. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 54, 350-370.
Greenhaus, J. H. & Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources of conflict between Work and Family roles. Academy of Management Review, 10, 76-88.
Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44, 513-524.
Huang, Y. H., Hammer, L. B., Neal, M. B., & Perrin, N. A., (2004). The relationship between work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict: A longitudinal study. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 25, 79-100.
Huppert, F. A. (2009). Psychological well-being: Evidence regarding its causes and consequences. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 1, 137–164.
Kim, J. L. S., & Ling, C. S. (2001). Work-family conflict of women entrepreneurs in Singapore. Women in Mangement Riview, 16, 204-221.
Kinnunen, U. & Mauno, S. (1998). Antecedents and outcomes of work–family conflict among employed women and men in Finland. Human Relations, 51, 157–177.
Major, V. S., Klein, K. J., & Ehrhart, M. G. (2002). Work time, work interference with family, and psychological distress. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 427-436.
Mauno, S., Kinnunen, U., & Pyykko, M. (2005). Does work-family conflict mediate the relationship between work-family culture and self-report distress? Evidence from the five Finnish organiations. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 78, 509-530.
Nasurdin, A. M. & O’Driscoll, M. P. (2011). Work overload, parental demand, perceived organizational support, family support and work-family conflict among New Zealand and Malaysian academics. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 40, 38-48.
Nielson, T. R, Carlson, D. S., Lankau, M. J., (2001). The supportive mentor as a means in reducing work-family conflict. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 59(3), 364-381.
Netemeyer, R.G., Boles, J. S., & McMurrian, R. (1996). Development and validation of work-family conflict and family-work conflict scales. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(4), 400-410.
Noraini, M. N. (2001). Work, Family and Women’s Well-being: Challenges of Contemporary Malaysian Women, Kuala Lumpur: International Islamic University Malaysia Press (IIUM Press).
Noraini, M. N. (2002). Work-family Conflict, Locus of Control, and Women’s Well-Being: Tests of Alternative Pathways. The Journal of Social Psychology, 142, 645-662.
Noraini, M. N. (2003). Work- and family-related variables, work–family conflict and women's well-being: some observations. Retrieved from
https://www.academia.edu/27426725/Work and family_related_variables work family conflict_and womens_well-being some observations, on 19 January 2017.
Noraini, M., N. (2004). Work-family conflict, work-family-role salience, and women’s well-being. The Journal of Social Psychology, 144, 389-405.
Noraini, M. N & Nor Diana, M. M. (2016). Work, family and women’s well-being in Malaysia. Handbook on Well-being of Working Women, 717-734 published in M. Connerley & Wu, J. (Eds.). Springer (International Handbooks on Quality-of-Life Series).
Nurnazirah, J., Samsiah, M., Zurwina S., & Fauziah, N. (2015). Work-family conflict and stress: Evidence from Malaysia. Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 3, 309-312.
Parasuraman, S., & Simmers, C. A. (2001). Type of employment, work-family conflict and well-being: A comparative study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22, 551- 568.
R Zirwatul Aida, R. I. & Azlina, A. B. (2014). Malaysian work-family conflict and well-being: The moderating role of job control and social support. Proc. of the Intl. Conf. on Advances in Social Science, Economics & Human Behavior. 08-09 March 2014. Hotel G Tower, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Sabitha, M. (2009). Resolving work family issues among public sector worker: Lesson to be learn from the private sector. Paper presented at the International Conference on Public-Private Partnership in Development, Kuala Lumpur, 15-16 January 2009.
Scott, L. B., Carl, P. M. J., Donald, C.M. J., & Jon, C. C. (2008). The impact of work / family demand on work-family conflict. Journal Managerial Psychology, 23, 215-235.
Voydanoff, P. (2004). The effects of work demands and resources on work-to-family conflict and facilitation. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 66, 398-412.
Published
2017-09-27
How to Cite
Zakaria, N. and Ismail, Z. (2017) “The Consequences of Work-family Conflict and The Importance of Social Supports to Reduce Work-family Conflict Among Employees”, Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 2(2), pp. 24 - 29. doi: 10.47405/mjssh.v2i2.41.
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Articles
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